Abstract. To understand whether fusions of thylakoid membranes from the parental chloroplasts occurred during zygote formation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we performed an ultrastructural analysis of the zygotes produced by crossing mutants lacking photosystem I or II protein complexes, in the absence of de novo chloroplast protein synthesis . Thylakoid membranes from each parent could be distinguished on thin sections due to their organization in "supergrana" in mutants lacking photosystem I centers, by freeze-fracturing due to the absence of most of the exoplasmic-face THEunicellulargreenalgaeChlamydomonasreinhardth displays a well-characterized sexual cell cycle (see Harris, 1989, for review) . Haploid vegetative cells differentiate in gametes upon nitrogen starvation which, after mating, yield diploid zygotes that undergo meiotic division releasing a haploid progeny. During zygote formation a number of intracellular rearrangements take place including nucleus and chloroplast fusions. Zygote formation has been studied in detail by Friedman et al . (1968) and CavalierSmith (1970CavalierSmith ( , 1974CavalierSmith ( , 1975CavalierSmith ( , 1976 . Mixing of the gametes is rapidly followed by fecondation . Within 1 h, the zygotes display two cup-shaped chloroplasts, each containing a pyrenoid and an eyespot from the two parents . 6 h after mating, the outer membrane of the two chloroplasts has fused and 8 h after mating, only one pyrenoid and one eyespot are apparent in a single chloroplast . In most cases, a light phase of 48 h followed by a dark maturation of ti6 d is necessary for a good germination of the zygotes . During this step the chloroplast undergoes an extensive dedifferentiation .Each chloroplast from the two mating gametes contains a dense array of inner membranes that define numerous flat sac-like structures called thylakoids . Thylakoid membranes accomodate the protein complexes of the photosynthetic apparatus, which converts light energy in reducing power and ATP. Whether one of the two thylakoid membrane systems brought about by the parental gametes was selectively destroyed during zygote formation or whether they simply mixed or even fused inside the single chloroplast of the mature zygote, remained to be determined. The detection of a