Mechanism and biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function, dementia and problems with movement. Neuronal loss is associated with extra and intercellular accumulation of misfolding proteins, oxidative stress, free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of neuronal golgi apparatus, impaired bioenergetics, dysfunction of neurotrophins. Biomarkers that might aid in the diagnosis of these devastating and globally important disease are urgently sought and required. Therefore, range of biomarkers are explained for neurodegenerative disease.