Mechanics of the stomach: A review of an emerging field of biomechanics

Brandstaeter, Sebastian; Fuchs, Sebastian L.; Aydin, Roland C.; Cyron, Christian J.

doi:10.1002/gamm.201900001

Cited by 69 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 228 publications

(333 reference statements)

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Section: Intestine Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of normal gut function, the intestinal epithelium is subjected to complex biomechanics. During peristalsis, waves of highly synchronized contraction move digested food through the intestinal tract deforming the intestinal mucosal layer and generating irregular compressive and tensile strains, and fluid shear stress, which vary along the length of the digestive tract as the viscosity of the digesta is altered ( Brandstaeter et al, 2019 ). The digestive system has been another key area of focus for OOC technology as intestinal models are crucial for drug research and development, providing platforms for drug adsorption, efficacy and toxicity testing in addition to providing a range of disease models for conditions including inflammatory bowel disease and colitis.…”

Section: Incorporation Of Biomechanical Cues In Ooc Models For Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Grassart et al (2019) observed that these mechanically active intestine chip cultures better replicate bacterial infection uncovering a mechanism whereby Shigella flexneri exploits the epithelial crypt microarchitecture and active biomechanics to efficiently invade the intestine. In the region of 70% of all drugs are administered orally ( Brandstaeter et al, 2019 ). Their processing and effectiveness depend crucially on gastric mechanics thus the incorporation of active biomechanical stimuli into OOC gut models is essential to the successful use of this technology.…”

Section: Incorporation Of Biomechanical Cues In Ooc Models For Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Stimulation: A Crucial Element of Organ-on-Chip Models

Thompson

Knight

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Organ-on-chip (OOC) systems recapitulate key biological processes and responses in vitro exhibited by cells, tissues, and organs in vivo. Accordingly, these models of both health and disease hold great promise for improving fundamental research, drug development, personalized medicine, and testing of pharmaceuticals, food substances, pollutants etc. Cells within the body are exposed to biomechanical stimuli, the nature of which is tissue specific and may change with disease or injury. These biomechanical stimuli regulate cell behavior and can amplify, annul, or even reverse the response to a given biochemical cue or drug candidate. As such, the application of an appropriate physiological or pathological biomechanical environment is essential for the successful recapitulation of in vivo behavior in OOC models. Here we review the current range of commercially available OOC platforms which incorporate active biomechanical stimulation. We highlight recent findings demonstrating the importance of including mechanical stimuli in models used for drug development and outline emerging factors which regulate the cellular response to the biomechanical environment. We explore the incorporation of mechanical stimuli in different organ models and identify areas where further research and development is required. Challenges associated with the integration of mechanics alongside other OOC requirements including scaling to increase throughput and diagnostic imaging are discussed. In summary, compelling evidence demonstrates that the incorporation of biomechanical stimuli in these OOC or microphysiological systems is key to fully replicating in vivo physiology in health and disease.

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Section: Intestine Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incorporation Of Biomechanical Cues In Ooc Models For Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incorporation Of Biomechanical Cues In Ooc Models For Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical Stimulation: A Crucial Element of Organ-on-Chip Models

Thompson

Knight

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Mathematical and computational modeling of the stomach is another emerging field of biomechanics where several complex phenomena, such as gastric electrophysiology, fluid mechanics of the digesta, and solid mechanics of the gastric wall, need to be addressed. SPH is a promising approach to model multiphase flows specifically in the gastric lumen [ 68 ]. SPH has also been successfully applied in computational modeling of the small intestine [ 69 ].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid–Structure Interaction Analyses of Biological Systems Using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics

Toma

Chan-Akeley

Arias

et al. 2021

Biology

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Due to the inherent complexity of biological applications that more often than not include fluids and structures interacting together, the development of computational fluid–structure interaction models is necessary to achieve a quantitative understanding of their structure and function in both health and disease. The functions of biological structures usually include their interactions with the surrounding fluids. Hence, we contend that the use of fluid–structure interaction models in computational studies of biological systems is practical, if not necessary. The ultimate goal is to develop computational models to predict human biological processes. These models are meant to guide us through the multitude of possible diseases affecting our organs and lead to more effective methods for disease diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy. This review paper summarizes computational models that use smoothed-particle hydrodynamics to simulate the fluid–structure interactions in complex biological systems.

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“…Criteria for successful tissue engineering of the GEJHPZ should account for both the mechanical properties and the forces generated by the native tissue. Detailed reviews of the tissue mechanics of the esophagus and the stomach have been published recently (Brandstaeter, Fuchs, Aydin, & Cyron, 2019; Mir, Ali, Ansari, & Sami, 2015). Because these tissues are multilayered and anisotropic, there is variability in the experimental and modeling choices made by different groups.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%