Mechanics of live cell elimination

Monfared, Siavash; Ravichandran, Guruswami; Andrade, José E.; Doostmohammadi, Amin

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.07657

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…(4) [43,44], with none of the simplifications behind Eq. (11). Consistently with our linear analysis, both data sets exhibit two different power-law scaling behaviors at small and large length scales.…”

Section: Finally Takingsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Hydrodynamics and multiscale order in confluent epithelia

Armengol-Collado¹,

Carenza²,

Giomi³

2022

Preprint

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We formulate a hydrodynamic theory of confluent epithelia: i.e. monolayers of epithelial cells adhering to each other without gaps. Taking advantage of recent progresses toward establishing a general hydrodynamic theory of p−atic liquid crystals, we demonstrate that collectively migrating epithelia feature both nematic (i.e. p = 2) and hexatic (i.e. p = 6) order, with the former being dominant at large and the latter at small length scales. Such a remarkable multiscale liquid crystal order leaves a distinct signature in the system's structure factor, which exhibits two different power law scaling regimes, reflecting both the hexagonal geometry of small cells clusters, as well as the uniaxial structure of the global cellular flow. In the overdamped regime, that is when viscous forces are negligible compared to the frictional forces arising from the interaction with the substrate, the predictions of our hydrodynamic theory are in excellent agreement with the outcome of the Self-Propelled Voronoi model of confluent epithelial layers.

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Section: Finally Takingsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Refs. [8][9][10][11]), cell-resolved models have played so far the leading role in this endeavour. Taking inspiration from the physics of foams (see e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamics and multiscale order in confluent epithelia

Armengol-Collado¹,

Carenza²,

Giomi³

2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…This model has been used to study the dynamics of confluent cell monolayers [17] and the mechanics of cell extrusion [18]. It is a continuous model where each cell is described by a concentration field φ c = φ c ( r ), with c = 1, 2 … N cell and N cell the total number of cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelia are multiscale active liquid crystals

Armengol-Collado

Carenza

Eckert

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Biological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing and cancer progression, crucially rely on the ability of epithelial cells to coordinate their mechanical activity over length scales order of magnitudes larger than the typical cellular size. While regulated by signalling pathways, such as YAP (yes-associated protein), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and Wnt, this behavior is believed to additionally hinge on a minimal toolkit of physical mechanisms, of which liquid crystal order is the most promising candidat. Yet, experimental and theoretical studies have given so far inconsistent results in this respect: whereas nematic order is often invoked in the interpretation of experimental data, computational models have instead suggested that hexatic order could in fact emerge in the biologically relevant region of parameter space. In this article we resolve this dilemma. Using a combination of in vitro experiments on Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK), numerical simulations and analytical work, we demonstrate that both nematic and hexatic order is in fact present in epithelial layers, with the former being dominant at large length scales and the latter at small length scales. In MDCK GII cells on uncoated glass, these different types of liquid crystal order crossover at 34 μm, corresponding approximatively to clusters of 21 cells. Our work sheds light on the emergent organization of living matter, provides a new set of tools for analyzing the structure of epithelia and paves the way toward a comprehensive and predictive mesoscopic theory of tissues.

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“…Using a multi-phase field model [14,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] of cells as deformable active Brownian particles (ABPs) on a substrate, we show that solid-like tissues exhibit a finite threshold for the onset of motion of an embedded colloidal probe pulled at a constant force. This threshold force can be interpreted as a measure of the yield stress of the tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%