“…In order to account for variable omission bias, three control variables are taken on board in the estimation exercises, notably: inflation, taxes on international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). The choice of these variables is also motivated by contemporary international trade and economic development literature (Cipollina et al, 2016;Fonchamnyo & Akame, 2017;Dary & James, 2018;Blanas & Seric, 2018;Asongu & Kodila-Tedika, 2017;Bahmani-Oskooe & Gelan, 2018;Kaminchia, 2019;Shobande & Shodipe, 2019;Uysal & Mohamoud, 2019). In what follows, their expected signs are discussed.…”