Mechanics of hard-magnetic soft materials

Zhao, Ruoyu; Kim, Yoonho; Chester, Shawn A.; Sharma, Pradeep; Zhao, Xuanhe

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2018.10.008

Cited by 339 publications

(471 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Magnetic soft materials composed of magnetic particles in a soft polymer matrix have drawn great interest recently due to their untethered control for shape change 23,24 , motion 6,7,25 , and tunable mechanical properties 26 . Among them, hardmagnetic soft materials utilize high-remanence, high-coercivity magnetic particles, such as neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB), to achieve complex programmable shape changes 6,19,[27][28][29] . Under an applied magnetic field, these particles with programmed domains exert micro-torques, leading to a large macroscopic shape change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Shape Memory Polymers with Integrated Multifunctional Shape Manipulation

et al. 2019

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Shape-programmable soft materials that exhibit integrated multifunctional shape manipulations, including reprogrammable, untethered, fast, and reversible shape transformation and locking, are highly desirable for a plethora of applications, including soft robotics, morphing structures, and biomedical devices.Despite recent progress, it remains challenging to achieve multiple shape manipulations in one material system. Here, we report a novel magnetic shape memory polymer composite to achieve this. The composite consists of two types of magnetic particles in an amorphous shape memory polymer matrix. The matrix softens via magnetic inductive heating of low-coercivity particles, and highremanence particles with reprogrammable magnetization profiles drive the rapid and reversible shape change under actuation magnetic fields. Once cooled, the actuated shape can be locked. Additionally, varying the particle loadings for heating enables sequential actuation. The integrated multifunctional shape manipulations are further exploited for applications including soft magnetic grippers with large grabbing force, sequential logic for computing, and reconfigurable antennas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Shape Memory Polymers with Integrated Multifunctional Shape Manipulation

et al. 2019

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“…Specifically, in the context of magnetoelasticity, this has been possible by the fabrication of composite materials made of a soft matrix (such as gels, polymers and elastomers) and magnetically soft or hard but mechanically stiff particles. This class of materials has been termed magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) (Shiga et al, 1995;Jolly et al, 1996;Ginder et al, 1999;Martin et al, 2006;Diguet et al, 2010;Danas et al, 2012;Bodelot et al, 2016Bodelot et al, , 2018 or h-MREs (Schümann et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2019). The MREs comprise magnetically soft iron particles with negligible magnetic hysteresis and the h-MREs consist of magnetically hard particles (such as NdFeB ones), which, in turn, lead to a strong magnetic hysteresis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructurally-guided explicit continuum models for isotropic magnetorheological elastomers with iron particles

Mukherjee

Bodelot

Danas

2020

International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics

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To cite this version:Dipayan Mukherjee, Laurence Bodelot, Kostas Danas. Microstructurally-guided explicit continuum models for isotropic magnetorheological elastomers with iron particles. AbstractThis work provides a family of explicit phenomenological models both in the F − H and F − B variable space. These models are derived directly from an analytical implicit homogenization model for isotropic magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), which, in turn, is assessed via full-field numerical simulations. The proposed phenomenological models are constructed so that they recover the same purely mechanical, initial and saturation magnetization and initial magnetostriction response of the analytical homogenization model for all sets of material parameters, such as the particle volume fraction and the material properties of the constituents (e.g., the matrix shear modulus, the magnetic susceptibility and magnetization saturation of the particles). The functional form of the proposed phenomenological models is based on simple energy functions with small number of calibration parameters thus allowing for the description of magnetoelastic solids more generally such as anisotropic (with particle-chains) ones, polymers comprising ferrofluid particles or particle clusters. This, in turn, makes them suitable to probe a large set of experimental or numerical results. The models of the present study show that in isotropic MREs, the entire magnetization response is insensitive to the shear modulus of the matrix material even when the latter ranges between 0.003-0.3MPa, while the magnetostriction response is extremely sensitive to the mechanical properties of the matrix material.two-dimensional MREs. Moreover, in an effort to resolve some of the surrounding air and specimen effects, Kalina et al. (2016) have modeled directly the specimen, the surrounding air and the microstructure at the same scale. While this study has led to satisfactory qualitative agreement with experiments, it did not resolve the different length scales as one goes from specimen to microstructure, since that would require an untractable mesh size. Along this effort, Keip and Rambausek (2015) proposed a two-scale finite element approach in order to solve simultaneously the magneto-mechanical boundary value problem and the microstructural problem by properly resolving the separation of the very different length scales. While this last approach is the more complete one, it still remains numerically demanding, especially if complex unit cells with large number of particles are considered. Moreover, in all these approaches, it is very hard to decouple from the estimated response the relative effect of the specimen geometry and that of the microstructure.In this regard, the recent study of Lefèvre et al. (2017) proposes an alternative view to the problem by first solving the homogenization problem at the RVE scale analytically and then using these estimates at the macroscopic scale to analyze the specimen shape effects. In that effort, the authors obtained a very usef...

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“…When a downward magnetic field is applied (Figure 1b), the material bends down. The deformation can be predicted via finiteelement (FE) simulations based on the recent theoretical work on the mechanical behavior of hardmagnetic soft materials 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry-Breaking Actuation Mechanism for Soft Robotics and Active Metamaterials

Zhang

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Magnetic-responsive composites that consist of soft matrix embedded with hard-magnetic particles have recently been demonstrated as robust soft active materials for fast-transforming actuation. However, the deformation of the functional components commonly attains only a single actuation mode under external stimuli, which limits their capability of achieving tunable properties.To greatly enhance the versatility of soft active materials, we exploit a new class of programmable magnetic-responsive composites incorporated with a multifunctional joint design that allows asymmetric multimodal actuation under an external stimulation. We demonstrate that the proposed asymmetric multimodal actuation enables a plethora of novel applications ranging from the basic 1D/2D active structures with asymmetric shape-shifting to biomimetic crawling and swimming robots with efficient dynamic performance as well as 2D metamaterials with tunable properties.This new asymmetric multimodal actuation mechanism will open new avenues for the design of next-generation multifunctional soft robots, biomedical devices, and acoustic metamaterials.

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Mechanics of hard-magnetic soft materials

Cited by 339 publications

References 48 publications

Magnetic Shape Memory Polymers with Integrated Multifunctional Shape Manipulation

Magnetic Shape Memory Polymers with Integrated Multifunctional Shape Manipulation

Microstructurally-guided explicit continuum models for isotropic magnetorheological elastomers with iron particles

Symmetry-Breaking Actuation Mechanism for Soft Robotics and Active Metamaterials

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