Mechanics of Crystalline Nanowires

Park, Harold S.; Cai, Wei; Espinosa, Horacio D.; Huang, Hanchen

doi:10.1557/mrs2009.49

Cited by 169 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(138 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

126

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Young's modulus results from our in situ SEM tensile tests agree well with those from the AFM tests. 11,33 The observed size effect on elasticity of Ag NWs is generally a result of their large surface area to volume ratio, 34 more specifically, surface elasticity 35 and/or bulk nonlinear elasticity (due to surface stress). 36,37 Though our results are in good agreement with other experimental results, 11,33 we do note that there is a substantial gap between the experiments and the atomistic simulations in terms of the critical diameter where the elasticity size effect becomes marked.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size effects on elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires:In situexperiments

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reports the first quantitative measurement of a full spectrum of mechanical properties of five-fold twinned silver (Ag) nanowires (NWs) including Young's modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. In situ tensile testing of Ag NWs with diameters between 34 and 130 nm was carried out inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Young's modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength all increased as the NW diameter decreased. The maximum yield strength in our tests was found to be 2.64 GPa, which is about 50 times the bulk value and close to the theoretical value of Ag in the <110> orientation. The size effect in the yield strength is attributed to the increase in the Young's modulus. Yield strain scales reasonably well with the NW surface area, which reveals that yielding of Ag NWs is due to dislocation nucleation from surface sources. Pronounced strain hardening was observed for most NWs in our study. The strain hardening, which has not previously been reported for NWs, is mainly attributed to the presence of internal twin boundaries. KEYWORDSfive-fold twin, size effect, Young's modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, strain hardening

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size effects on elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires:In situexperiments

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The more pronounced experimentally observed decrease in Ẽ can be due to additional factors such as surface contamination 6,20 and crystal defects. 6,10,20 To address the issue of precision of the pull-in measurements, repeatability and reproducibility experiments were carried out. Figure 4 shows the results for different thicknesses, lengths, and shapes ͑simple and paddle͒, indicating that the pull-in approach is both repeatable for single cantilevers as well as reproducible for different samples.…”

Section: ẽ Tmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterizing size-dependent effective elastic modulus of silicon nanocantilevers using electrostatic pull-in instability

Sadeghian

Yang

Goosen

et al. 2009

Applied Physics Letters

142

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This letter presents the application of electrostatic pull-in instability to study the size-dependent effective Young's Modulus Ẽ ͑ϳ170-70 GPa͒ of ͓110͔ silicon nanocantilevers ͑thickness ϳ1019-40 nm͒. The presented approach shows substantial advantages over the previous methods used for characterization of nanoelectromechanical systems behaviors. The Ẽ is retrieved from the pull-in voltage of the structure via the electromechanical coupled equation, with a typical error of Յ12%, much less than previous work in the field. Measurement results show a strong size-dependence of Ẽ . The approach is simple and reproducible for various dimensions and can be extended to the characterization of nanobeams and nanowires.

show abstract

“…Specifically, various experimental studies on both metallic and semiconducting nanostructures have shown that when the cross-sectional dimension (i.e. diameter) of a nanobeam or nanoresonator becomes smaller than about 50-100 nm, surface effects begin to have a significant effect on the bending rigidity, and consequently the resonant frequencies and the effective elastic modulus [67]. The surface stress effects will be described later in Section 4.3.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Micro/nanomechanical Resonatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanical resonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: Nanomechanics principles

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) such as nanomechanical resonators, which have recently received significant attention from the scientific community. This has not only been for their capability for the label-free detection of bio/chemical-molecules at single-molecule (or atomic) resolution for future applications such as the early diagnostics of diseases such as cancer, but also for their unprecedented ability to detect physical quantities such as molecular weight, elastic stiffness, surface stress, and surface elastic stiffness for adsorbed molecules on the surface. Most experimental works on resonator-based molecular detection have been based on the principle that molecular adsorption onto a resonator surface increases the effective mass, and consequently decreases the resonant frequencies of the nanomechanical resonator. However, this principle is insufficient to provide fundamental insights into resonator-based molecular detection at the nanoscale; this is due to recently proposed novel nanoscale detection principles including various effects such as surface effects, nonlinear oscillations, coupled resonance, and stiffness effects. Furthermore, these effects have only recently been incorporated into existing physical models for resonators, and therefore the universal physical principles governing nanoresonator-based detection have not been completely described. Therefore, our objective in this review is to overview the current attempts to understand the underlying mechanisms in nanoresonator-based detection using physical models coupled to computational simulations and/or experiments. Specifically, we will focus on issues of special relevance to the dynamic behavior of nanoresonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: the resonance behavior of micro/nano-resonators; resonator-based chemical/biological detection; physical models of various nanoresonators such as nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. We pay particular attention to experimental and computational approaches that have been useful in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the dynamic behavior of resonators across multiple and disparate spatial/length scales, and the resulting insight into resonator-based detection that has been obtained. We additionally provide extensive discussion regarding potentially fruitful future research directions coupling experiments and simulations in order to develop a fundamental understanding of the basic physical principles that govern NEMS and NEMS-based sensing and detection applications.

show abstract

Mechanics of Crystalline Nanowires

Cited by 169 publications

References 90 publications

Size effects on elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires:In situexperiments

Size effects on elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires:In situexperiments

Characterizing size-dependent effective elastic modulus of silicon nanocantilevers using electrostatic pull-in instability

Nanomechanical resonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: Nanomechanics principles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About