Mechanics of aerosols in nuclear reactor safety: A review

Loyalka, Sudarshan K.

doi:10.1016/0149-1970(83)90024-0

Cited by 77 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…where ρ ∞ is the density far from the sphere, c is the molecular speed, and h is the perturbation to the distribution function due to the sphere. With this linearization and using the BGK model, we get the nondimensional Krook equation, 2 , and ε 3 are perturbations to the density, velocity, and temperature fields around the sphere,…”

Section: Velocity Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerosol fractal aggregates formed from the coagulation of smaller, spherical primary particles are found in many natural and industrial settings. Understanding the forces on these aggregates is important in a number of science and engineering disciplines, including combustion, fire safety, atmospheric and environmental sciences, materials engineering [1], and nuclear reactor safety [2]. The translational drag force for a particle moving slowly relative to the surrounding fluid-given by F = −ζ U 0 , where U 0 is the particle's relative velocity and ζ is the orientation-averaged scalar friction factor-is particularly important because it influences the transport properties of the particle, including its diffusion coefficient and electrical mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Friction factor for aerosol fractal aggregates over the entire Knudsen range

2017

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We develop an approach for computing the hydrodynamic friction tensor and scalar friction coefficient for an aerosol fractal aggregate in the transition regime. Our approach involves solving the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook equation for the velocity field around a sphere and using the velocity field to calculate the force on each primary sphere in the aggregate due to the presence of the other spheres. It is essentially an extension of Kirkwood-Riseman theory from the continuum flow regime to the entire Knudsen range (Knudsen number from 0.01 to 100 based on the primary sphere radius). Our results compare well to published direct simulation Monte Carlo results, and they converge to the correct continuum and free molecule limits. Our calculations for clusters with up to 100 spheres support the theory that aggregate slip correction factors collapse to a single curve when plotted as a function of an appropriate aggregate Knudsen number. This self-consistent-field approach calculates the friction coefficient very quickly, so the approach is well-suited for testing existing scaling laws in the field of aerosol science and technology, as we demonstrate for the adjusted sphere scaling method.

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Section: Velocity Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction factor for aerosol fractal aggregates over the entire Knudsen range

2017

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“…Clearly, the methodology here described is applicable to any other condensation theory. More rigorous condensation models are available from literature (see, e.g., the reviews by Wagner, 1982;Davis, 1983;Loyalka, 1983), mostly as numerical or analytical solutions to the simplified Boltzmann equations. Interesting alternatives are those which take into account the mass ratio of the condensing species to the carrier gas (e.g., Sitarslu and Nowakowslu, 1979;Loyalka et al, 1989) and/or the temperature profile round the droplet (e.g., Loyalka and Park, 1988).…”

Section: Other Condensation Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Condensation Accommodation Coefficient of Sulfuric Acid on Water-Sulfuric Acid Aerosol

Dingenen

Raes²

1991

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The radiometric properties of particle aggregates mainly include extinction efficiency, absorption efficiency, scattering efficiency, and asymmetric parameter [1][2][3][4]. It is crucial in numbers of science and engineering disciplines, including coal combustion [5,6], the concrete aggregate industry [7], atmospheric and environmental sciences, materials engineering [8], plasmatic photo-thermal therapy [9], and nuclear reactor safety [10]. For example, cosmic dust is a typical type of particle aggregate; its radiometric properties are related to the formation of the universe [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Chemical Component Distribution on the Radiometric Properties of Particle Aggregates

2019

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The radiometric properties, including the extinction efficiency, absorption efficiency, scattering efficiency, and asymmetric parameter values of particle aggregates consisting of multiple chemical components are critical in industry and nature. This article aims to analyze the influence of chemical component distribution on these radiometric properties. The particle aggregates are generated by a diffusion-limited aggregate method by which spherical particles are stuck together randomly. The particle aggregates have two components with a major component of a fixed refractive index and a minor component of a changed refractive index. The radiometric properties are calculated using a multi-sphere T-matrix (MSTM) method for particle aggregates with different particle radii and with refractive indices, distributions of components, and volume fractions of the minor component. The results show that the chemical component distribution influences the radiometric properties of the particle aggregate. Evenly spreading the strong absorptive minor component into each particle, compared to concentrating it in a few particles, can raise the absorption efficiency, reduce the scattering efficiency, and ultimately reduce the extinction efficiency of the aggregate. For aggregates with major and minor components in different particles, a similar effect is shown when spreading the minor component particles evenly in the aggregate relative to gathering them in one part of the aggregate.

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Mechanics of aerosols in nuclear reactor safety: A review

Cited by 77 publications

References 71 publications

Friction factor for aerosol fractal aggregates over the entire Knudsen range

Friction factor for aerosol fractal aggregates over the entire Knudsen range

Determination of the Condensation Accommodation Coefficient of Sulfuric Acid on Water-Sulfuric Acid Aerosol

The Influence of Chemical Component Distribution on the Radiometric Properties of Particle Aggregates

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