Mechanics and remodelling of cell packings in epithelia

Staple, Douglas B.; Farhadifar, Reza; Röper, Jens-Christian; Aigouy, Benoît; Eaton, Suzanne; Jülicher, Frank

doi:10.1140/epje/i2010-10677-0

Cited by 272 publications

(399 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similar mechanical models have been employed with great success in a wider context of epithelial and epidermal tissues (13,14,(26)(27)(28)(29). In the case of cells in an ommatidium, modeling revealed that the cells forming the ommatidial ''frame'' (the secondary and tertiary pigment cells, and the bristle group, compare to Fig.…”

Section: Cone Cell Exclusion Volumementioning

confidence: 91%

Hexagonal Patterning of the Insect Compound Eye: Facet Area Variation, Defects, and Disorder

Kim

Cassidy

Yang

et al. 2016

Biophysical Journal

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The regular hexagonal array morphology of facets (ommatidia) in the Drosophila compound eye is accomplished by regulation of cell differentiation and planar cell polarity during development. Mutations in certain genes disrupt regulation, causing a breakdown of this perfect symmetry, so that the ommatidial pattern shows onset of disorder in the form of packing defects. We analyze a variety of such mutants and compare them to normal (wild-type), finding that mutants show increased local variation in ommatidial area, which is sufficient to induce a significant number of defects. A model formalism based on Voronoi construction is developed to predict the observed correlation between ommatidium size variation and the number of defects, and to study the onset of disorder in this system with statistical tools. The model uncovers a previously unknown large-scale systematic size variation of the ommatidia across the eye of both wild-type and mutant animals. Such systematic variation of area, as well as its statistical fluctuations, are found to have distinct effects on eye disorder that can both be quantitatively modeled. Furthermore, the topological order is also influenced by the internal structure of the ommatidia, with cells of greater relative mechanical stiffness providing constraints to ommatidial deformation and thus to defect generation. Without free parameters, the simulation predicts the size-topology correlation for both wild-type and mutant eyes. This work develops formalisms of size-topology correlation that are very general and can be potentially applied to other cellular structures near the onset of disorder.

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Section: Cone Cell Exclusion Volumementioning

confidence: 91%

Hexagonal Patterning of the Insect Compound Eye: Facet Area Variation, Defects, and Disorder

Kim

Cassidy

Yang

et al. 2016

Biophysical Journal

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“…The VM originated in studies of the physics of foams in the 1970s and was first applied to model monolayer cell sheets in the early 1980s [47]. Over the past 35 years it has been implemented and extended numerous times and used to study a wide variety of different systems [48][49][50][51][52][53]. The VM is at the core of the cell-based [54] CHASTE [55], a versatile and widely used software package.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Vertex Model for Cell-Resolution Description of Epithelial Tissue Mechanics

Barton

Henkes

Weijer

et al. 2016

Preprint

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We introduce an Active Vertex Model (AVM) for cell-resolution studies of the mechanics of confluent epithelial tissues consisting of tens of thousands of cells, with a level of detail inaccessible to similar methods. The AVM combines the Vertex Model for confluent epithelial tissues with active matter dynamics. This introduces a natural description of the cell motion and accounts for motion patterns observed on multiple scales. Furthermore, cell contacts are generated dynamically from positions of cell centres. This not only enables efficient numerical implementation, but provides a natural description of the T1 transition events responsible for local tissue rearrangements. The AVM also includes cell alignment, cellspecific mechanical properties, cell growth, division and apoptosis. In addition, the AVM introduces a flexible, dynamically changing boundary of the epithelial sheet allowing for studies of phenomena such as the fingering instability or wound healing. We illustrate these capabilities with a number of case studies. Author summaryWe present a detailed analysis of the Active Vertex Model to study the mechanics of confluent epithelial tissues and cell monolayers. The model combines the commonly used Vertex Model for describing epithelial tissue mechanics with the active matter dynamics extensively studied in soft matter physics. We utlise an exact mathematical mapping that enables a very efficient numerical implementation using standard methods for simulating particle-based models. System sizes accessible to this model allow us to probe the dynamical motion patterns that occur in tissues over a range of length-and time-scales previously inaccessible to available simulation tools. Our model also includes a number of essential features required to properly describe actual biological systems such as cell growth, cell division and aptotsis, as well as the dynamic boundary of the epithelial sheet. This allows us to study phenomena such as the finger-like protrusions in cell monolayers and processes related to wound healing. The model is implemented into the SAMoS PLOS Computational Biology | https://doi

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“…1(a)), studies are beginning to clarify how tissue is shaped by forces acting along the plane of the adherens junction, i.e., tension that shortens a cell contact surface and pressure that counteracts the tension to maintain the size of a cell ( Fig. 1(b)) [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. a e-mail: shuji@complex.c.u-tokyo.jp Measuring tissue stress is therefore useful for deepening our understanding of morphogenesis and its physical constraints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of non-invasive force and stress inference methods in tissue

et al. 2013

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Abstract. In the course of animal development, the shape of tissue emerges in part from mechanical and biochemical interactions between cells. Measuring stress in tissue is essential for studying morphogenesis and its physical constraints. Experimental measurements of stress reported thus far have been invasive, indirect, or local. One theoretical approach is force inference from cell shapes and connectivity, which is non-invasive, can provide a space-time map of stress and relies on prefactors. Here, to validate forceinference methods, we performed a comparative study of them. Three force-inference methods, which differ in their approach of treating indefiniteness in an inverse problem between cell shapes and forces, were tested by using two artificial and two experimental data sets. Our results using different datasets consistently indicate that our Bayesian force inference, by which cell-junction tensions and cell pressures are simultaneously estimated, performs best in terms of accuracy and robustness. Moreover, by measuring the stress anisotropy and relaxation, we cross-validated the force inference and the global annular ablation of tissue, each of which relies on different prefactors. A practical choice of force-inference methods in distinct systems of interest is discussed.

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Mechanics and remodelling of cell packings in epithelia

Cited by 272 publications

References 29 publications

Hexagonal Patterning of the Insect Compound Eye: Facet Area Variation, Defects, and Disorder

Hexagonal Patterning of the Insect Compound Eye: Facet Area Variation, Defects, and Disorder

Active Vertex Model for Cell-Resolution Description of Epithelial Tissue Mechanics

Comparative study of non-invasive force and stress inference methods in tissue

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