Mechanically Recoverable and Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells: Investigation of Intrinsic Flexibility of Organic–Inorganic Perovskite

Park, Minwoo; Kim, Hae Jin; Jeong, Inyoung; Lee, Jun Young; Lee, Hyungsuk; Son, Hae Jung; Kim, Dae Eun; Ko, Min Jae

doi:10.1002/aenm.201501406

Cited by 142 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…For Type I flexible PSCs, the utilization of highly conductive PEDOT:PSS (Celvios PH1000) as a bottom electrode provides the potential of achieving even better device performance owing to its high flexibility as an organic material. [133][134][135][136][137][138] In terms of the values in PSCs and bending test results, it is hard to say that MeNW-network electrodes are much more advantageous over PEDOT:PSS. However, it is worth mentioning that the utilization of PEDOT:PSS-based transparent electrodes is only applicable to the case of Type I cells, since deposition methods of PEDOT:PSS layers are not compatible with underlying OMHP layers.…”

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The pristine PEDOT:PSS layer is not highly conductive and additional procedures should be carried out in order to form highly conductive PEDOT:PSS layers. Solvents, such as DMSO (dielectric constant (ε) ≈ 48.2) and EG (ε ≈ 41.4), with a high polarity and a high boiling temperature, were commonly used for either a doping process or post-treatment; [134][135][136]138,139] however, they chemically ruin the OMHP layers owing to the high solubilities of OMHP materials in polar solvents. In depositing MeNW-network electrodes, a polar solvent like iso-propanol is also used for dispersing the MeNWs.…”

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal‐Nanowire‐Electrode‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Challenging Issues and New Opportunities

Ahn

Hwang

Jeong

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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in PSCs has been accomplished within a relatively short period of time, owing to OMHP's merits for low-cost, large-area, flexible photovoltaic applications; these merits include (i) the precursor chemicals, including organic ammonium halides and lead (tin) halides, for synthesizing the OMHP materials are cost-effective, and the OMHP layers can be readily prepared by simple wet-chemical approaches such as a spin coating or a slot-die coating process; (ii) the processing temperatures are relatively low, below 150 °C, for the formation of well-crystalized OMHP layers, in contrast to other thin-film-based solar cells; (iii) both the high absorption coefficients [6] and high carrier mobilities [7] suggest promising possibilities for highperformance photoactive materials. The PCE certified by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) reached 22.1% in 2016, [8] which is either comparable to or outperforms the PCEs of other next-generation thin-film solar cells, including CIGS(Se) (22.3%), CZTS/Se (12.6%), CdTe (22.1%), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs, 11.5%).Apart from the race to achieve higher PCE, other important research has been directed toward the development of lead-free OMHP layers, [9] large-area device fabrication, [10,11] a methodology of achieving long-term stability against moisture and irradiation, [12,13] and a way of recycling constituent cell materials. [14] Another fascinating research topic concerns the electrodes for PSCs. To date, vacuum-deposited transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorinated tin oxide (FTO), have been used widely as a large-area window electrode through which light passes. However, TCOs have received criticism in terms of their fabrication cost, brittleness, and the scarcity of raw materials (especially, the indium in ITO). [15] Opaque noble metal electrodes (Au, Ag), which are usually used as a back contact, are also fabricated with a costly vacuum-assisted deposition process. From the viewpoint of cost-effectiveness, both transparent and opaque conventional electrodes apparently represent predominant impediments to the high-throughput fabrication of PSCs, giving rise to a significant demand to replace these conventional electrodes with alternatives.To date, a variety of alternative electrodes have been reported in the literature.

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Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Nanowire‐Electrode‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Challenging Issues and New Opportunities

Ahn

Hwang

Jeong

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Another study also confirmed that PSCs can be stretched if the bottom electrode is designed carefully. 152 The very low weight and the stretchability of these devices pave the way to new applications, e.g. sourcing energy for solar powered flying drones.…”

Section: Tco-free Flexible Perovskite Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress, challenges and perspectives in flexible perovskite solar cells

Giacomo

Fakharuddin

Jose

et al. 2016

Energy Environ. Sci.

372

257

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a Perovskite solar cells have attracted enormous interest since their discovery only a few years ago because they are able to combine the benefits of high efficiency and remarkable ease of processing over large areas. Whereas most of research has been carried out on glass, perovskite deposition and synthesis is carried out at low temperatures (o150 1C) to convert precursors into its final semiconducting form. Thus, developing the technology on flexible substrates can be considered a suitable and exciting arena both from the manufacturing view point (e.g. web processing, low embodied energy manufacturing) and that of the applications (e.g. flexible, lightweight, portable, easy to integrate over both small, large and curved surfaces). Research has been accelerating on flexible PSCs and has achieved notable milestones including PCEs of 15.6% on laboratory cells, the first modules being manufactured, ultralight cells with record power per gram ratios, and even cells made on fibres.Reviewing the literature, it becomes apparent that more work can be carried out in closing the efficiency gap with glass based counterparts especially at the large-area module level and, in particular, investigating and improving the lifetime of these devices which are built on inherently permeable plastic films. Here we review and provide a perspective on the issues pertaining progress in materials, processes, devices, industrialization and costs of flexible perovskite solar cells. Broader contextFor a number of years, solar cells had been considered as an inferior energy technology due to high cost -even in the renewable energy paradigm; however, more recently progress in materials processing and engineering of highly efficient and stable solar panels have helped them emerge as a frontline renewable energy technology with energy payback time that has been lowered from over a decade to a couple of years (at least in some parts of the world) during the last ten years. Commercial solar panels are typically manufactured on rigid platforms. Fabricating them on flexible substrates, such as transparent plastics and metallic foils, would enable effective harvesting of energy in a number of diverse areas from indoor electronics to automobiles and from building integrated photovoltaics to portable applications. Furthermore, it would open up web-based roll-to-roll fabrication conducive to massive throughputs. Solution processable perovskite solar cells offer promising opportunities towards this end. Being these cells the most efficient among the solution processable ones, with efficiency in their laboratory scale devices on par with the commercially available silicon and thin film counterparts, significant recent efforts devoted to their manufacturing on flexible substrates have seen efficiencies rise as high as 15.6% together with moderate stability. We approach the developments in this area by critically analyzing the factors affecting the final performance indicators such as efficiency, stability, and functionality and relate these to its proces...

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“…The quantitative mechanical properties of the coatings were also assessed using micro-tensile, nanoindentation and nano-scratch tests. [22][23][24] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly flexible transparent conductive electrode based on nanomaterials

2017

Self Cite

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The electrical, optical, thermal, chemical, mechanical and tribological characteristics of a highly flexible transparent conductive electrode (HFTCE) coating based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) were investigated under various conditions. The motivation was to develop a highly durable and flexible film for transparent conductive electrode applications. The overall characteristics of multilayers based on rGO, CNTs and AgNWs were found to be much better than those of the single-layer AgNW coating. The rGO and CNT layers served to protect the AgNW layer from damage due to bending and contact sliding motions. The contact pressure and bending stress were effectively distributed by the CNT layer deposited on top of the AgNW layer due to its spring-like behavior. In addition, the shear force from the friction force was reduced by the rGO top layer, which acted as a solid lubricant. Furthermore, the excellent performance of an HFTCE heater based on the rGO/CNT/AgNW coating was demonstrated by the results of a defrosting test. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e438; doi:10.1038/am.2017.177; published online 13 October 2017 INTRODUCTIONIn recent decades, various transparent conductive films electrodes have been widely used in electronic devices such as solar cells, displays, memories and batteries. 1 In particular, indium tin oxide (ITO) has attracted considerable attention as a transparent conductive electrode because of its excellent optical and electrical properties. 2 However, indium, which is the main raw material used in ITO, has some disadvantages in terms of production and cost. Moreover, ITO application in flexible devices is limited by its brittleness. 3 To replace ITO in flexible devices, several types of conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester have been suggested. 4,5 However, the electrical efficiency of these conductive polymers is much lower than that of ITO. Moreover, the mechanical properties of these conductive polymers are very weak despite their flexibility. Therefore, it is necessary to combine these conductive polymers with other electrodes to improve efficiency.Many studies using other types of conductive materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been conducted. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] While carbon-based nanosheets and nanowires are known as materials with excellent mechanical and electrical properties, the sheet resistance of the coatings based on carbon is higher. Li et al. 6 demonstrated that the number of graphene layers deposited on the surface had a significant effect on their conductivity and transmittance. They found

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Mechanically Recoverable and Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells: Investigation of Intrinsic Flexibility of Organic–Inorganic Perovskite

Cited by 142 publications

References 66 publications

Metal‐Nanowire‐Electrode‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Challenging Issues and New Opportunities

Metal‐Nanowire‐Electrode‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Challenging Issues and New Opportunities

Progress, challenges and perspectives in flexible perovskite solar cells

A highly flexible transparent conductive electrode based on nanomaterials

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