Mechanically Exfoliated Graphite Onto D-Shaped Optical Fiber for Femtosecond Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

Generation of mode-locked pulses based on D-shaped fiber with CdTe as a saturable absorber in the C-band region

“…[47][48][49][50] Therefore, to seek new and high-performance SA, there is a need to explore other materials, especially nanomaterials, for instance, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene. 51 CNT as an SA has a superior performance in inducing modelocking and broadband operation. The drawbacks of CNT are due to nanotubes agglomeration and large nanotubes energy distribution that will produce a high non-saturable loss in the laser cavity.…”

“…64 The approach of composite materials, which uses a polymer as the host material, can be efficient; however, the thin lm form has a lower damage threshold and power tolerance. 51 To circumvent this constraint, D-shaped bers and microbers coated with materials would have a better damage threshold, applicable to generating a high power output from ber laser systems. 64,65 In the case of tapered microbers, such as those drawn using the ame brushing technique, a tapered zone would be created in all directions over the diameter of the ber.…”

“…The drawbacks of CNT are due to nanotubes agglomeration and large nanotubes energy distribution that will produce a high non-saturable loss in the laser cavity. 51 Meanwhile, graphene can create a short pulse duration over a broad bandwidth. 47 Some graphene derivatives, such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, promise great performance characteristics in tunability and wideband mode-locked operation.…”

“…Saturable absorbers (SAs) can be fabricated by utilizing various techniques, including composites with polymer to generate thin films and material deposition directly onto D-shaped fiber 51 or microfiber. 64 The approach of composite materials, which uses a polymer as the host material, can be efficient; however, the thin film form has a lower damage threshold and power tolerance.…”

Excessively tilted fiber grating based Fe3O4 saturable absorber for passively mode-locked fiber laser

“…One common method is applying optical devices with special physical structure that can leak out a fraction of laser field which propagates in the form of evanescent wave. Researchers have focused on tapered-fibers [29,30], D-shaped fibers [31,32], fiber microchannels [33,34] and hollow-core fibers [35]. All these devices have been proved to be effective schemes for integration and employed in most SAs.…”