Mechanically and biologically skin-like elastomers for bio-integrated electronics

Chen, Shuo; Sun, Lijie; Zhou, Xiaojun; Guo, Yifan; Song, Jianchun; Qian, Sihao; Liu, Zenghe; Guan, Qingbao; Jeffries, Eric M.; Liu, Wenguang; Wang, Yadong; He, Chuanglong; You, Zhengwei

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14446-2

Cited by 198 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Elastomers have a wide range of applications such as in tires, seals, actuators, and shock absorbers, and are one of the most consumed materials in daily life. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] For instance, the annual global rubber consumption in 2019 was However, these elastomers cannot heal physical damage. Damage-tolerant elastomers cross-linked with dynamic interactions can be healable but usually exhibit low strength and fracture energy.…”

Section: Herein the Fabrication Of Healable Recyclable And Mechanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Healable, Recyclable, and Mechanically Tough Polyurethane Elastomers with Exceptional Damage Tolerance

et al. 2020

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There is a huge requirement of elastomers for use in tires, seals, and shock absorbers every year worldwide. In view of a sustainable society, the next generation of elastomers is expected to combine outstanding healing, recycling, and damage‐tolerant capacities with high strength, elasticity, and toughness. However, it remains challenging to fabricate such elastomers because the mechanisms for the properties mentioned above are mutually exclusive. Herein, the fabrication of healable, recyclable, and mechanically tough polyurethane (PU) elastomers with outstanding damage tolerance by coordination of multiblock polymers of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/polycaprolactone (PCL) containing hydrogen and coordination bonding motifs with Zn2+ ions is reported. The organization of bipyridine groups coordinated with Zn2+ ions, carbamate groups cross‐linked with hydrogen bonds, and crystallized PCL segments generates phase‐separated dynamic hierarchical domains. Serving as rigid nanofillers capable of deformation and disintegration under an external force, the dynamic hierarchical domains can strengthen the elastomers and significantly enhance their toughness and fracture energy. As a result, the elastomers exhibit a tensile strength of ≈52.4 MPa, a toughness of ≈363.8 MJ m−3, and an exceptional fracture energy of ≈192.9 kJ m−2. Furthermore, the elastomers can be conveniently healed and recycled to regain their original mechanical properties and integrity under heating.

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Section: Herein the Fabrication Of Healable Recyclable And Mechanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Healable, Recyclable, and Mechanically Tough Polyurethane Elastomers with Exceptional Damage Tolerance

et al. 2020

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“…As a result, the above proved good resilience and quick self‐recovery capabilities under repeated cyclic compression and tensile tests maybe make these hydrogels an excellent candidate for skin‐like materials. [ 56 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micelle Crosslinked Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogels with Resilience and Self‐Recovery Properties

Gulyuz

2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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Micelle crosslinking method is one of the several techniques to fabricate hydrogels with good mechanical performance. Micelle crosslinked hydrogels reported so far are fabricated using a multistep preparation process due to the functionalization of block copolymers or surfactants with acrylate, aldehyde, azo, or reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer groups to create a polymer network. Herein, a simple one‐step approach is introduced to produce resilient hydrogels prepared by bulk polymerization of acrylic acid and esterification with Triton X‐100 (TX‐100) in the presence of catalyst sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The advantage of this study is that TX‐100 surfactants self‐assembling into micelles are directly bonded onto polymer chains through an ester bond without any further modification. The obtained hydrogels exhibit tensile strengths up to 135 ± 8 kPa and compressive strengths up to 16 ± 1 MPa over 94% strains as well as complete self‐recovery and high resilience abilities (≈86% at strains up to 400%) originating from hydrophobic associations in the core of micelles acting as dynamic cross‐linkers along with hydrogen bonds and entanglements between polymer chains acting as additional crosslink points. The overall results show that the hydrogels can be good candidate as elastic materials in many fields.

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Section: Natural and Organic Functional Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2g shows a synthetic, biocompatible, biodegradable elastomer, poly(sebacoyl diglyceride)‐ graft ‐2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidi‐none unit (PSeD‐U), with skin‐like mechanical properties which were tunable by controlling the concentration of hydrogen and covalent bonds in the elastomeric network. [ 44 ] Soft and ultrathin characteristics of the PSeD‐U facilitated strong adhesion to the skin with conformal contact even under the deformed states such as stretching and compression. During degradation in 0.1 m PBS solutions with the addition of enzyme, lipase, the elastomer gradually lost the mechanical strength with time while maintaining its original shape, which can prevent the elastomer from separating or delaminating out of the electronics or integrated body organs that might cause undesirable adverse effects.…”

Section: Bioresorbable Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Materials and Systems for Biodegradable, Transient Electronics

et al. 2020

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of wastes. [4] Furthermore, self-destructive property induced by external stimuli such as moisture, light, and heat can expand its potential application to security-related electronics for protecting private and confidential information. [5-7] Combined uses of natural or synthesized biodegradable polymers with non-transient electronic materials were examples of early research direction of water-soluble electronic devices, which allowed to partially disintegrate into fragmentation due to collapse of the substrates. [8-10] Recognition of chemical reactivity of monocrystalline silicon nanomembranes (Si NMs) in aqueous solutions reached a turning point in transient system through integration with other inorganicbased conductors and insulators, enabling to fabricate almost any types of existing silicon-based electronic devices in a transient form with moderate modifications. [11] Demonstrated examples included device components, sensors, actuators, and energy sources with electrical behaviors comparable to those of state-ofthe-art devices. Successful follow-ups to initial works provided various interpretations of the dissolution kinetics and versatile organic-and inorganic-based materials and devices to accomplish a wide spectrum of this technology for potential applications in biological researches to clinical medicine and other possible areas. In the following, we discuss various types of biodegradable inorganic/organic materials along with their degradation mechanisms and biocompatible properties, diverse manufacturing processes for electronic devices and systems, examples of basic transient electronic components, and different strategies/concepts of transience. Representative applications in the fields of bioengineering, green-electronics, security systems, and others are reviewed, and concluding remarks address some challenges and perspectives for the future of transient electronics. 2. Bioresorbable Materials 2.1. Inorganic Materials Figure 1a shows a representative example of water-soluble electronic devices that contained electronic components, involving a transistor, diode, inductor, capacitor, resistor, and interconnects. [11] All components consisted of various inorganic biodegradable constituents such as Si NMs, magnesium oxide (MgO), and magnesium (Mg) for semiconductors, gate and interlayer dielectrics, and conductors, that can be degraded into benign and biocompatible end products. In addition, many other inorganic Transient electronics refers to an emerging class of advanced technology, defined by an ability to chemically or physically dissolve, disintegrate, and degrade in actively or passively controlled fashions to leave environmentally and physiologically harmless by-products in environments, particularly in bio-fluids or aqueous solutions. The unusual properties that are opposite to operational modes in conventional electronics for a nearly infinite time frame offer unprecedented opportunities in research areas of eco-friendly electronics, temporary biomedical implants, data-secure hardware system...

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Mechanically and biologically skin-like elastomers for bio-integrated electronics

Cited by 198 publications

References 49 publications

Healable, Recyclable, and Mechanically Tough Polyurethane Elastomers with Exceptional Damage Tolerance

Healable, Recyclable, and Mechanically Tough Polyurethane Elastomers with Exceptional Damage Tolerance

Micelle Crosslinked Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogels with Resilience and Self‐Recovery Properties

Advanced Materials and Systems for Biodegradable, Transient Electronics

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