Mechanically alloyed and spark plasma sintered WNbMoVTa refractory high entropy alloys: Effects of Cr and Al on the microstructural and mechanical properties

Boztemur, Burçak; Bayrak, Kübra Gürcan; Gökçe, Hasan; Ayas, Erhan; Balcı, Özge; Derin, Bora; Ağaoğulları, Duygu; Öveçoğlu, M. Lütfi

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171415

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A detailed literature study (Table 3) revealed that the precipitated phases in PM-processed RHEAs depend on the milling conditions. For example, studies that used WC balls and vials for MA of powders, similar to the present study, reported (Ta, Nb) rich carbide phase after SPS processing [39,40,75,94]. Since the milling media is the primary source of impurities in the MA process, WC is the dominant impurity when WC balls and vials are used.…”

Section: Rheas Powder Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Therefore, it requires relatively low energy for manufacturing compared to the ingot metallurgy methods. Many studies have reported the PM approach to manufacture MoWTaNbVTi RHEA [36][37][38][39][40][41]. The primary goal of the PM approach is to achieve a high density of consolidated powder close to the theoretical density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary goal of the PM approach is to achieve a high density of consolidated powder close to the theoretical density. The majority of the PM approaches used the mechanical alloying of elemental powders to produce single-phase RHEA, followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) to achieve the high density of RHEAs [36][37][38][39][40][41]. Long et al [42], in their work, they have reported a signi cant improvement in compressive yield strength and compressive fracture strength at room temperature for NbMoTaWVTi RHEA when manufactured by mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering compared to cast RHEA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the phase evolution and elemental distribution in MoWTaNbVTix manufactured via powder metallurgical approach

Bijjala,

Wilkerson,

Beamer

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The high melting point and thermal stability of MoWTaNbVTix refractory high entropy alloys have prompted their potential for harsh temperature structure application. A low-cost manufacturing strategy is key to realizing this promise. Powder metallurgy is known to be a cost-efficient manufacturing route for manufacturing refractory alloys. Elemental distribution and phases that form during manufacturing are crucial to realize the desired properties. However, the phase evolution and elemental distribution in MoWTaNbVTix refractory high entropy alloys manufactured via powder metallurgy (PM) have not been rationalized earlier. The present study focuses on the phase evolution and elemental distribution analysis in MoWTaNbVTix manufactured by different PM approaches, pressureless sintering, hot isostatic pressing, and spark plasma sintering. A series of MoWTaNbVTix were manufactured using different PM manufacturing methods. Using intensive X-ray diffraction, microstructure, and elemental analysis, we reveal the formation of an FCC (TiTaNb)0.53C0.47 carbide and TiOx oxide phase in the nonequiatomic BCC MoWTaNbV matrix in MoWTaNbVTix. Interestingly, the liquid phase sintering yields a BCC_LSS matrix with a lattice parameter of 3.176 Å, differently than the solid state sintered BCC_SSS matrix with a lattice parameter of 3.193 Å. The fraction of (TiTaNb)0.53C0.47 and TiOx phases varies with Ti composition and PM processing routes. Nickel, as the sintering activator, enhances Ti diffusion in the matrix. Also, the hardness of the MoWTaNbVTix varies nonlinearly in a range of ~ 602- ~911 Hv with the ratio of oxide and carbide fraction. The hardness obtained in the PM approach is significantly higher than that observed for cast MoWTaNbVTix refractory high entropy alloys, reported in the literature.

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Section: Rheas Powder Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding the phase evolution and elemental distribution in MoWTaNbVTix manufactured via powder metallurgical approach

Bijjala,

Wilkerson,

Beamer

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table 3 provides a comprehensive overview of stability criteria (Ω, Λ, ϕ Ye , and

) for the two studied alloys and a wide range of other alloys produced via mechanical alloying, drawn from various sources in the literature [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. The table shows the reported microstructure in the as-milled state as well as in the annealed state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Alloying as a Way to Produce Metastable Single-Phase High-Entropy Alloys beyond the Stability Criteria

Santiago-Andrades,

Vidal-Crespo,

Blázquez

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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Various stability criteria developed for high-entropy alloys are applied to compositions produced by mechanical alloying. While they agree with the annealed samples, these criteria fail to describe the as-milled metastable systems, highlighting the ability of mechanical alloying to overcome the limitations imposed by these criteria. The criteria are based on atomic size (Ω ≥ 1.1 and δr ≤ 6.6%) and/or electronegativity misfit, as well as on mixing enthalpy (Λ>0.95 J mol−1K−1 and −5 kJ mol−1<∆Hmix<0), or purely thermodynamic (ϕYe>20; ϕKing>1; Teff<500 K). These criteria are applied to several compositions found in the literature and to two metastable fcc solid solutions produced by mechanical alloying with compositions Al0.75CoXFeNi with X = Cr and Mn. Single-phase microstructures are stable up to above 600 K, leading to more stable multiphase systems after annealing above this temperature. Mössbauer spectrometry shows that, whereas the alloy with Cr is paramagnetic in the as-milled and annealed state, the alloy with Mn changes from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior (Curie temperature ~700 K) after annealing. Thermomagnetic experiments on annealed samples show for both compositions some hysteretic events at high temperatures (850 to 1000 K), probably ascribed to reversible ordering phenomena.

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Toward strength-ductility synergy in Al–Mg alloys: augmenting solute Mg concentration and strain-hardening ability via melt spinning and hot extrusion

Zhang,

Li,

Deng

et al. 2024

J Mater Sci

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Mechanically alloyed and spark plasma sintered WNbMoVTa refractory high entropy alloys: Effects of Cr and Al on the microstructural and mechanical properties

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Understanding the phase evolution and elemental distribution in MoWTaNbVTix manufactured via powder metallurgical approach

Understanding the phase evolution and elemental distribution in MoWTaNbVTix manufactured via powder metallurgical approach

Mechanical Alloying as a Way to Produce Metastable Single-Phase High-Entropy Alloys beyond the Stability Criteria

Toward strength-ductility synergy in Al–Mg alloys: augmenting solute Mg concentration and strain-hardening ability via melt spinning and hot extrusion

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