Mechanically adaptive bone remodelling

Lanyon, Lance E.; Goodship, AE; Pye, C.J.; MacFie, J.H.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(82)90246-9

Cited by 445 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is consistent with our results because the newly formed bone in the interosseous space would appear predominantly on the lateral aspect of the tibia when imaged with planar radiography. Our results are consistent with those seen in animal studies [15,23,26] where radius adaptation completely compensated the CSA lost by removal of the ulna and occurred mostly toward the former interosseous space. Similar to our findings, two studies [15,23] showed the newly formed bone was deposited predominantly at the periosteal aspect of the radius.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…To distinguish newly formed from existing bone, we assumed all new bone lay on the periosteal side. This assumption is supported partially by published results for animals [23] and by preliminary measurements performed on the CSA of the endosteal canal that in no case showed a reduction. Each measurement was repeated three times and average values are reported.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…All studies consistently concluded the donor-side radius adapted within 12 to 50 weeks after ulna harvesting. Strain measurements performed either in vitro [26] or in vivo [23] showed strain levels recovered values similar to or smaller than those recorded in the intact condition. These animal studies suggest the donor-side tibia can fully adapt and recover the mechanical strength of the original complex, but results of the studies cannot be applied directly for humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Most of these studies, however, focused on ankle deformities [2,10,28,30], and only one described thickening of the tibial lateral cortex [14]. In contrast, experimental studies performed on animals have reported quantitative analyses of radius adaptation after ulna resection for pigs [15] and sheep [23,26]. Histomorphometric measurements, second moment of inertia calculations [23], and bone density adaptation [26] were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, experimental studies performed on animals have reported quantitative analyses of radius adaptation after ulna resection for pigs [15] and sheep [23,26]. Histomorphometric measurements, second moment of inertia calculations [23], and bone density adaptation [26] were reported. All studies consistently concluded the donor-side radius adapted within 12 to 50 weeks after ulna harvesting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tibia Adaptation after Fibula Harvesting: An in Vivo Quantitative Study

Taddei

Balestri

Rimondi

et al. 2009

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Absence of the fibula after harvesting to reconstruct an upper-limb segment increases loads on the donor-side tibia and thereby provides a unique opportunity to analyze the bone adaptation process in humans. We therefore quantified densitometric and morphologic changes of the donor-side tibia in three young patients (ages 8, 13, 16 years), on the basis of computed tomography (CT) examinations of both legs (one preoperatively and two postoperatively). The range of final followup was 27-43 months. Three-dimensional models of shank bones were generated from CT data and used to measure crosssectional area, diaphyseal cortical thickness, and crosssectional moment of inertia. In addition, density of the newly formed bone was evaluated. The donor-side tibia showed morphologic and density adaptation with time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Tibia Adaptation after Fibula Harvesting: An in Vivo Quantitative Study

Taddei

Balestri

Rimondi

et al. 2009

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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In vivo bone strain patterns in the zygomatic arch of macaques and the significance of these patterns for functional interpretations of craniofacial form

Hylander

Johnson

1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

181

183

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It has been proposed that the mammalian facial skeleton is optimized for countering or dissipating masticatory stress. As optimized load-bearing structures by definition exhibit maximum strength with a minimum amount of material, this hypothesis predicts that during chewing and biting there should be relatively high and near uniform amounts of strain throughout the facial skeleton. If levels of strain in certain areas of the facial skeleton are relatively low during these behaviors, this indicates that the amount of bone mass in these areas could be significantly reduced without resulting in the danger of structural failure due to repeated masticatory loads. Furthermore, and by definition, this indicates that these areas are not optimized for countering masticatory stress, and instead their overall morphology and concentration of bone mass has most likely been selected or influenced mainly by factors unrelated to the dissipation or countering of chewing and biting forces. An analysis of in vivo bone strain along the lateral aspect of the zygomatic arch of macaques indicates the clear absence of a high and near uniform strain environment throughout its extent. Instead, there is a steep strain gradient along the zygomatic arch, with the highest strains along its anterior portion, intermediate strains along its middle portion, and the lowest strains along its posterior portion. These data, in combination with earlier published data (Hylander et al., 1991), indicate that levels of functional strains during chewing and biting are highly variable from one region of the face to the next, and therefore it is unlikely that all facial bones are especially designed so as to minimize bone tissue and maximize strength for countering masticatory loads. Thus, the functional significance of the morphology of certain facial bones need not necessarily bear any important or special relationship to routine and habitual cyclical mechanical loads associated with chewing or biting. Furthermore, the presence of these steep strain gradients within the facial skeleton suggests that the amount of bone mass in the low-strain areas may be largely determined by factors unrelated to processes frequently referred to as "functional adaptation," or conversely, that the "optimal strain environment" of bone varies enormously throughout the facial skeleton (cf., Rubin et al., 1994). Based solely on anatomical considerations, it is likely that the zygomatic arch is bent in both the parasagittal and transverse planes and twisted about its long axis. Due to constraints on rosette position, the strain data are incapable of determining if one or more of these loading conditions predominate. Instead, the strain data simply provide limited support for the possible presence of all of these loading regimes. Finally, as the masseter muscle is concentrated along the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch and as the arch has fixed ends, the largest shearing forces and the largest bending and twisting moments are located along its anterior portion. This in turn ...

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Analysis of differential gene expression in rat tibia after an osteogenic stimulus in vivo: Mechanical loading regulates osteopontin and myeloperoxidase

et al. 1998

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The skeleton has the ability to alter its mass, geometry, and strength in response to mechanical stress. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) was used to analyze gene expression in endocortical bone of mature female rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, approximately 8 months old, received either a sham or bending load using a four-point loading apparatus on the right tibia. RNA was collected at 1 h and 24 h after load was applied, reverse-transcribed into cDNA, and used in DDRT-PCR. Parallel display of samples from sham and loaded bones on a sequencing gel showed several regulated bands. Further analysis of seven of these bands allowed us to isolate two genes that are regulated in response to a loading stimulus. Nucleotide analysis showed that one of the differentially expressed bands shares 99% sequence identity with rat osteopontin (OPN), a noncollagenous bone matrix protein. Northern blot analysis confirms that OPN mRNA expression is increased by nearly 4-fold, at 6 h and 24 h after loading. The second band shares 90% homology with mouse myeloperoxidase (MPO), a bactericidal enzyme found primarily in neutrophils and monocytes. Semiquantitative PCR confirms that MPO expression is decreased 4- to 10-fold, at 1 h and 24 h after loading. Tissue distribution analysis confirmed MPO expression in bone but not in other tissues examined. In vitro analysis showed that MPO expression was not detectable in total RNA from UMR 106 osteoblastic cells or in confluent primary cultures of osteoblasts derived from either rat primary spongiosa or diaphyseal marrow. Database analysis suggests that MPO is expressed by osteocytes. These findings reinforce the association of OPN expression to bone turnover and describes for the first time, decreased expression of MPO during load-induced bone formation. These results suggest a role for both OPN and MPO expression in bone cell function.

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Mechanically adaptive bone remodelling

Cited by 445 publications

References 15 publications

Tibia Adaptation after Fibula Harvesting: An in Vivo Quantitative Study

Tibia Adaptation after Fibula Harvesting: An in Vivo Quantitative Study

In vivo bone strain patterns in the zygomatic arch of macaques and the significance of these patterns for functional interpretations of craniofacial form

Analysis of differential gene expression in rat tibia after an osteogenic stimulus in vivo: Mechanical loading regulates osteopontin and myeloperoxidase

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