Mechanically activated combustion synthesis of Ti3AlC2/Al2O3 nanocomposite from TiO2/Al/C powder mixtures

Mehrizi, M. Zarezadeh; Beygi, R.; B, Gh. Eisaabadi; Velashjerdi, Mohammad; Nematzadeh, Fardin

doi:10.1016/j.apt.2018.11.007

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This will further propagate the crystallographic defects; thus the intimate mixing of the different powders is expected. These phenomena resulted in the broadening of XRD peaks as well as the reduced peak intensity [17,18]. After 10 h of ball milling, the raw material peaks disappeared, and the peaks related to the TiC, Ti 2 SC and Fe phases emerged in the XRD pattern (Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ball milling sequences on the in-situ reactive synthesis of the Ti₂SC MAX phase

Hosseini

Heidarpour

Ghasemi

2020

Advances in Applied Ceramics

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This study investigated three different milling sequences of high-energy ball milling for in-situ synthesis of Ti 2 SC MAX phase by Ti, FeS 2 and C. The ball milling sequences involved: 1-10-h ball milling of the primary powders, 2-5-h ball milling of Ti and FeS 2 followed by 5-h ball milling of added C powder; and 3-5-h ball milling of FeS 2 followed by 5-h ball milling of added Ti and C. Heat treatment at 1000°C under Ar atmosphere after ball milling led to complete reactions and increased the purity of Ti 2 SC. Results also showed that the synthesis based on method 2 was more suitable as it resulted in the formation of Ti 2 SC and TiC. The spark plasma sintering (SPS) led to a dense bulk sample. The characteristic layered structure of the Ti 2 SC MAX was further analysed by scanning electron microscopy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ball milling sequences on the in-situ reactive synthesis of the Ti₂SC MAX phase

Hosseini

Heidarpour

Ghasemi

2020

Advances in Applied Ceramics

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“…According to the literature [28,29], the dissolution-precipitation mechanism mainly governs the formation of TiC, whereas the diffusion of carbon to the Ti molten liquid is the prerequisite. But the insufficient time limits the completion of the dissolution and diffusion processes; the intensely releasing heat disturbs the formation of a continuous carbide layer around the Ti particle during the thermal explosion reaction [29] However, TiC could also be synthesized by mechanical milling [30], or by rapid combustion-type behavior at 873 K [31]. Consequently, the reaction-diffusion mechanism involved in the formation of TiC at atmosphere condition with an externally constant heat flux of 973 K could be elaborated as the following processes, combining with the thermodynamic calculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurement on the Heat Release Property of Titanium Blended with Different Carbon Allotropes, under Externally Constant Heat Flux

Wang

Zhao

2019

Metals

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Ti/C blended powder is commonly employed as an initiating combustion agent for preparing calcium aluminate; a dedicated test system is exploited for real-time examining of the heat release of Ti/C blended powder during combustion under atmosphere conditions with an externally constant heat flux of 973 K, which is comprised of cone calorimeter, thermal-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer, and a theoretical thermal calculation, with the aim of quantitatively illuminating its combustion mechanism in depth. Furthermore, a comparison of the heat release property of titanium powder blended with different carbon allotropes, including natural flaky graphite (FG), carbon black (CB), expandable graphite (EG), and vermicular graphite (VG) is preliminarily investigated, to clarify the effect of different carbon allotropes on the heat release property of Ti/C blended powder. It reveals that the oxidation reaction between Ti and O 2 initiates the subsequent combination of TiC through a thermal explosion reaction, using graphite (FG, VG, or EG) and Ti powder as the starting materials, respectively. Moreover, EG facilitates an accelerated (fire growth index of 0.42 kW·m −2 ·s −1 ) and enhanced peak heat release rate (pHRR) of 30.7 kW·m −2 at 73 s, while VG suppresses the heat release with the pHRR of 5.2 kW·m −2 at 64 s and fire growth index of 0.08 kW·m −2 ·s −1 , and FG favors the formation of TiC with a higher crystallinity from XRD. Additively, the prior NaOH-impregnation is favorable for the formation of TiC for Ti/CB blended powder, although the TiO 2 predominates final combustion production. It reveals the chemical evolution and mechanisms evolved in the formation of TiC during ignition.Metals 2019, 9, 981 2 of 16 contains expandable graphite (EG), vermicular graphite (VG), or expanded graphite after instantaneous expansion of EG, and natural flaky graphite (FG), which hold obviously different micro-structures and properties. Therefore, the various carbon sources affect the productions formed by SHS reaction [11]. It has been reported that the carbon nanotube and graphene as carbon sources impart enhanced tribological properties [12]; CB favors the formation of nano-metric TiC-carbon composite with a smaller particle size, as the most effective carbon allotrope for hindering the sintering of TiC under high temperature [13]. However, there is an interesting phenomenon-that the explosive reaction between graphite and titanium powder occurs under atmospheric pressure at 973 K with a transiently glaring flame, which inspired us to excavate its reaction mechanism, in order to explain the curious phenomenon.Consequently, the real-time measurement of heat release property involved in titanium blended with different carbon allotropes is preliminarily investigated, which is detected and recorded by cone calorimeter (CC) and thermal-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), respectively, using FG, CB, EG, and VG as different ...

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“…Energetic materials have been widely used in propellants. With increased demand for high-energydensity materials, more metals, such as Al, Mg, and Ti, have been investigated [1,2]. Al-based materials are still the most popular research topic in the field of energetic materials, despite having been used for dozens of years [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Multilayer Graphene and Boron Decoration on the Structure and Combustion Heat of Al3Mg2 Alloy

Dong

Qiu²,

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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To improve the engine-driven performance of propellants, high-energy alloys such as Al and Mg are usually adopted as annexing agents. However, there is still room for improvement in the potential full utilization of alloy energy. In this study, we investigated how to improve combustion efficiency by decorating Al3Mg2 alloy with multilayer graphene and amorphous boron. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman tests showed that decorating with multilayer graphene and amorphous boron promoted the dispersion of Al3Mg2 alloy. The results showed that decorating with 1% boron and 2% multilayer graphene improved the combustion heat of Al3Mg2 alloy to 32.8 and 30.5 MJ/kg, respectively. The coexistence of two phases improved the combustion efficiency of the matrix Al3Mg2 alloy.

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Mechanically activated combustion synthesis of Ti3AlC2/Al2O3 nanocomposite from TiO2/Al/C powder mixtures

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of ball milling sequences on the in-situ reactive synthesis of the Ti₂SC MAX phase

Effects of ball milling sequences on the in-situ reactive synthesis of the Ti₂SC MAX phase

Real-Time Measurement on the Heat Release Property of Titanium Blended with Different Carbon Allotropes, under Externally Constant Heat Flux

Influences of Multilayer Graphene and Boron Decoration on the Structure and Combustion Heat of Al3Mg2 Alloy

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Mechanically activated combustion synthesis of Ti3AlC2/Al2O3 nanocomposite from TiO2/Al/C powder mixtures

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of ball milling sequences on the in-situ reactive synthesis of the Ti2SC MAX phase

Effects of ball milling sequences on the in-situ reactive synthesis of the Ti2SC MAX phase

Real-Time Measurement on the Heat Release Property of Titanium Blended with Different Carbon Allotropes, under Externally Constant Heat Flux

Influences of Multilayer Graphene and Boron Decoration on the Structure and Combustion Heat of Al3Mg2 Alloy

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Effects of ball milling sequences on the in-situ reactive synthesis of the Ti₂SC MAX phase

Effects of ball milling sequences on the in-situ reactive synthesis of the Ti₂SC MAX phase