Mechanical Tolerance of Cascade Bioreactions via Adaptive Curvature Engineering for Epidermal Bioelectronics

Abstract

Epidermal bioelectronics that can monitor human health status non‐invasively and in real time are core to wearable healthcare equipment. Achieving mechanically tolerant surface bioreactions that convert biochemical information to detectable signals is crucial for obtaining high sensing fidelity. In this work, by combining simulations and experiments, a typical epidermal biosensor system is investigated based on a redox enzyme cascade reaction (RECR) comprising glucose oxidase/lactate oxidase enzymes and Prussian blue nanoparticles. Simulations reveal that strain‐induced change in surface reactant flux is the key to the performance drop in traditional flat bioelectrodes. In contrast, wavy bioelectrodes capable of curvature adaptation maintain the reactant flux under strain, which preserves sensing fidelity. This rationale is experimentally proven by bioelectrodes with flat/wavy geometry under both static strain and dynamic stretching. When exposed to 50% strain, the signal fluctuations for wavy bioelectrodes are only 7.0% (4.9%) in detecting glucose (lactate), which are significantly lower than the 40.3% (51.8%) in flat bioelectrodes. Based on this wavy bioelectrode, a stable human epidermal metabolite biosensor insensitive to human gestures is further demonstrated. This mechanically tolerant biosensor based on adaptive curvature engineering provides a reliable bio/chemical‐information monitoring platform for soft healthcare bioelectronics.

Fusing Stretchable Sensing Technology with Machine Learning for Human–Machine Interfaces

“…Common structural strategies include wave, [ 44–46 ] island–bridge (i.e., serpentine, spirals, helices, etc. ), [ 47–52 ] textile, [ 53–55 ] nano mesh, [ 56–60 ] crack, [ 61–65 ] and mixed structure design, [ 66 ] which have been widely used to develop various stretchable sensors and systems, such as bioelectrodes, optoelectronic sensors, motion sensors, gas sensors, and electrochemical sensors. Benefiting from recent efforts in materials and structural design, the performance of stretchable sensors, such as stretchability, sensitivity, stability, long term monitoring, biocompatibility, and conformability, has achieved significant improvement.…”

Recent Advances in Intelligent Wearable Medical Devices Integrating Biosensing and Drug Delivery

“…Accordingly, IWMDs have become critical components in achieving personalized healthcare and precision medicine. [ 2 ] Such devices can provide predictive bio‐analysis and offer timely treatment intervention, improving drug efficacy, overcoming the potential dangers due to delayed treatment, and expanding the flexibility of drug use in time and space.…”

“…Accordingly, IWMDs have become critical components in achieving personalized healthcare and precision medicine. [2] Such devices can provide predictive bio-analysis and offer timely treatment intervention, improving drug efficacy, overcoming the potential dangers due to delayed treatment, and expanding the flexibility of drug use in time and space.For biodetection and monitoring, wearable biosensing devices (WBDs) have been developed to detect many physiological features such as mechanical deformations, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, body temperature, [3][4][5] and biochemical components such as glucose, calcium ions, and lactate. [6][7][8] For a long time, efforts have been made to advance WBDs by tracking single analytes to multiple analytes.…”

Dual-dynamic-bond cross-linked injectable hydrogel of multifunction for intervertebral disc degeneration therapy

“…Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs), which had been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as antidote for cesium and thallium toxicity, possessing biocompatibility, photothermal properties, and antioxidant abilities [ 23 , 24 ]. have been extensively applied in biomedical fields including biosensors [ 25 ], cancer theranostic [ 26 ], tumor therapy [ 27 ], and antidote for poisoning [ 28 ]. As a promising candidate for treatment of ROS-related disease such as stroke [ 29 ], osteoarthritis [ 30 ], and acute pancreatitis [ 31 ].…”