Mechanical, thermo-mechanical and water uptake performance of wood flour filled polyurethane elastomer eco-composites: influence of surface treatment of wood flour

Kilinc, K.; Kanbur, Yasin; Tayfun, Ümit

doi:10.1515/hf-2018-0116

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has been reported that a higher hardness value of lignocellulosic filler increases the hardness of the thermoplastic matrix (Jamil et al 2006). Similar results were also reported for natural fiber-filled TPU-based composites (El-Shekeil et al 2012;Datta and Kopczyńska 2015;Tayfun et al 2016;Kılınç et al 2019).…”

Section: Fig 7 Interaction Graph Of Hardness (H)supporting

confidence: 80%

Preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane-based biocomposites through injection molding: Effect of the filler type and content

Mengeloğlu

Çavuş

2020

BioRes

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The effects of lignocellulosic filler type and filler loading levels were investigated relative to selected properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based composites. Teak wood (TK), rice husks (RH), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were used as lignocellulosic fillers at 15 wt% and 30 wt% filler loading levels. Test specimens were manufactured using both extrusion and injection molding, except for abrasion resistance samples that were manufactured using a compression molding process. Density, tensile, flexural, and impact properties, and hardness and abrasion resistance values, of the specimens were determined. The composites’ morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy analysis; results showed all filler types and filler loading levels were affected by the TPU’s density and mechanical properties. The TPU composites were successfully produced using TK, RH, and MCC as lignocellulosic fillers. Regardless of filler type, addition of 15% filler to TPU yielded excellent mechanical properties. With 30% MCC filler, composite properties increased due to their higher surface area, while properties of TK- and RH-containing specimens were, at 30%, reduced. There was a proportional correlation between hardness and modulus, with both increasing with a rising filler loading level. Abrasion resistance of TPU decreased with the presence of filler. Regardless of filler type, abrasion resistance continued to drop at higher filler loading levels. Scanning electron micrographs showed better MCC distribution in the TPU matrix.

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Section: Fig 7 Interaction Graph Of Hardness (H)supporting

confidence: 80%

Preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane-based biocomposites through injection molding: Effect of the filler type and content

Mengeloğlu

Çavuş

2020

BioRes

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“…Therefore, untreated fibers seem to be more suitable for the foam reinforcement used in this study. However, further studies considering additives, particularly surfactants and catalysts, could deepen the understanding of the observed phenomena and lead to more stable foams even with high hydroxyl index fibers [9,37].…”

Section: Effect Of the Fiber Treatment On Rpufs Properties 431 Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, there is a growing trend toward incorporating natural fibers in polymeric matrices, especially wood chips. Indeed, previous studies have proven that their use can benefit from an economic and ecological point of view [8,9]. Using cellulose nanocrystals to reinforce palm oil polyurethane foams increased compressive strength and led to superior dimensional stability [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Wood Rigid Polyurethane Composites

et al. 2022

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Incorporating biodegradable reinforcement, such as wood particles, into rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) is among the alternatives to reduce their environmental impact. This study aims to assess the effect of different wood particles as reinforcement in RPUFs. Reinforced rigid polyurethane foams are synthesized with milled wood particles of various forms and sizes and commercial polyol and isocyanate. The effect of fiber treatments and mechanical stirring on foams’ properties is also studied. Additional tests on polyisocyanurate foams (PIR) were undertaken to assess the effect of reinforcement on their properties. Mechanical properties are measured to investigate the impact of wood particle reinforcement on the foam. Confocal microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the interaction between the wood fibers and the matrix. Despite the adhesion observed for some fibers, most of the cell walls of RPUFs were punctured by the rigid wood fibers, which explained the decrease in the compressive strength of the composites for manually mixed foams. Mechanical stirring proved to be an efficient method to enhance the reinforcement power of untreated fibers. RPUF foams’ properties showed similar changes when untreated wood flour was introduced to the formula, increasing compressive strength significantly.

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“…In wood and wood composites, Shore-D hardness is preferred (Karamanoglu and Akyildiz 2013;Mattos et al 2015;Chu et al 2016;Li et al 2018). Shore hardness is already commonly used with several wood composites such as wood plastic composites (Vedrtnam et al 2019;Bhaskar et al 2020), pine sawdust mixed with polyvinyl alcohol adhesive (Li et al 2011), wood polymerized with montmorillonite (Wang et al 2014), composites prepared by free radical in situ polymerization of methacrylate monomers into pinewood (Mattos et al 2015), poplar wood impregnated with phenolic resins (Li et al 2018), or rubber composites using wood flour has filling (Nitz et al 2000;Kılınç et al 2019). Uses with solid wood have been more scarce, but nevertheless there are some examples such as the tests made by Sahin and Onay (2020) for alternative wood species for playgrounds wood from fruit trees or a study on suitability of some wood species for landscape applications (Şahin et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat treatment on shore-D hardness of some wood species

Esteves

Şahin

Ayata

et al. 2021

BioRes

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Hardness is an important wood property for several applications. Typically, it is necessary to use traditional methods, such as a universal test machine, to determine a wood’s hardness value. This work reports the hardness of some wood species before and after heat treatment (ThermoWood method) using the Shore-D hardness method. The Shore-D hardness value of untreated wood ranged between 35.3 for Limba wood and 77.2 for Santos wood. With heat treatment, hardness decreased, and the decrease was greater for samples that underwent harsher treatment (2 h at 212 °C). The decrease of hardness was highest for Sipo wood (14%) and the lowest for Afrormosia wood (2.5%). Analysis of variance tests showed that there was a significant difference between wood species, heat treatment, and the interaction between both variables at the chosen level of significance (P ≤ 0.05). Results showed that Shore-D hardness could be used to measure hardness directly in a production line or in small wood companies without using a universal test machine.

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Mechanical, thermo-mechanical and water uptake performance of wood flour filled polyurethane elastomer eco-composites: influence of surface treatment of wood flour

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane-based biocomposites through injection molding: Effect of the filler type and content

Preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane-based biocomposites through injection molding: Effect of the filler type and content

Synthesis and Characterization of Wood Rigid Polyurethane Composites

Effect of heat treatment on shore-D hardness of some wood species

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