Mechanical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/ Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites

Abstract

polymeric nanocomposites with improved mechanical, flame retardant, and electromagnetic shielding properties by various approaches has been developed. [15-20] Yu et al. [17] modified the exfoliated Ti3C2 in aqueous solution by using two kinds of cationic modifiers, i.e., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and tetrabutyl phosphine chloride, and studied fire safety properties and flame-retardant mechanism of MXene/TPU nanocomposites. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is one of the most commonly used elastomers, and it is a multisegmented copoly mer composed of hard segments and soft segments. [21] Due to excellent abrasion resistance, processability, transparency, recyclability, and mechanical performance, TPU is widely used in automobiles, medical devices, tubes, sporting goods, and decorations. However, its low stiffness, thermal conductivity, and tensile strength may limit its application in some fields. To solve these problems, many researchers prepared TPU-based composites by adding rigid functional materials into the TPU matrix. [22-24] Moreover, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) possessing high affinity with MXene. [25-27] Bera and Maji [24] prepared the graphene/TPU nanocomposites by in-situ solution poly merization technique and studied their mechanical properties, the results demonstrated that the tensile strength of the synthesized nanocomposite was increased by 280% and the toughness was increased by 410% after adding 0.10 wt% graphene oxide. Ning et al. [27] prepared the TPU/ PEG/rGO nanocomposites via melt blending method, and the results showed that there was a great interaction between MXene and the matrix after adding PEG. Rheology is a discipline that studies the deformation and flow of materials under the action of applied stress. The formation of internal network structure, filler dispersion, and interface interaction between filler and polymer matrix can be demonstrated by studying the change of modulus and viscosity. [28-34] Therefore, investigating the rheological properties of TPU/MXene composites is of great significance for evaluating the effect of MXene on the internal structure of composites. To our knowledge, the effects of different MXene content on mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of TPU composites are rare in the open literature, [18] and we studied the rheological properties of MXene-based composites by melt rheology tests for the first time. In this work, we prepared Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets by chemical etching Al atom layer from the layered Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase, then pretreated the Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets with PEG by solution blending, and Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene/TPU nanocomposites were prepared via melt blending and compression molding. Finally, the mechanical properties, In this work, a novel nanocomposite is prepared via a melt blending of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets pretreated with polyethylene glycol. It is found that the tensile strength and elongation at break increased by 41.2% and 15.4% at MXene loading values of 0.5 wt%...

Flame‐retardant behavior and mechanism of theSBR/MMTcomposites modified by melamine matrix modifier

“…The flake FOSM is evenly dispersed in the rubber matrix to form a more complicated propagation path, thereby strengthening the barrier of MMT to oxygen, free radicals, and heat in the matrix. Subsequently, oxygen consumption decreased during combustion 28 . The combustion oxygen consumption of pure SBR was 38.2 MJ/m 2 , and the oxygen consumption of SBR/MMT decreased slightly.…”

“…The uniform dispersion of the MMT powders in the matrix and the formation of the embedded and exfoliated structure of the FOSM powders increased the bond between the FOSM powders and the SBR samples. The entanglement of polymer chains around the filler and the reinforcement of nanofillers can prevent the chains from sliding with each other, and the reinforcement effect is obvious 15,28,37 . In addition, the organic ammonium cations inside the FOSM powders can interact strongly with the sulfur‐based cross‐linking system, thus increasing the stability of the cross‐linking network structure 38,39 .…”

“…Many holes were observed on the fracture surface of the SBR/MMT composite because of the uneven dispersion of the MMT powders in the SBR matrix, resulting in agglomerates 39 . The small white particles in the images are the MMT fragments 28 . The compatibility of the MMT powders and the SBR matrix is poor.…”

Investigating the rheology of 2D titanium carbide (MXene) dispersions for colloidal processing: Progress and challenges

“…The concentration of Ti 3 C 2 T x in water was 36 mg ml −1 , in ethanol was 0.7 mg ml −1 , and in NMP was 12 mg ml −1 . C. Zhang With regards to the dispersion of MXene in molten polymers, a recent publication [46] examined the rheological properties of 0-1.0 wt% Ti 3 C 2 T x dispersed in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), using 0.5 wt% polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a dispersant. In parallel plate oscillatory frequency sweep experiments carried out at 200 °C (the temperature the authors also used for hot compression moulding), samples of all Ti 3 C 2 T x concentrations exhibited an increase of G ′ and G ′′ with increasing frequency, ω .…”

Improved tribological and thermo‐mechanical properties of epoxy resin with micro‐nano structured ZrO2/Ti3C2 particles

“…22 Among them, Ti 3 C 2 is the most common MXene, possessing excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, and is widely used for blending modification of polymers. [23][24][25] It has been reported that the Ti 3 C 2 Mxene filler could effectively enhance the mechanical, electrical or thermal properties of various types of polymers, such as, polyurethane, 26 polystyrene, 27 polyvinylidene fluoride, 28 epoxy resin. 29 Some publications have demonstrated that the incorporation of Ti 3 C 2 microparticles into polymer matrix significantly reduced friction coefficient and wear rate of polymers, as well as enhanced mechanical or thermal properties.…”