Mechanical, thermal and physical characteristics of oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis) fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites for FDM – Type 3D printer

Ahmad, Mohd Nazri; Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan; Taha, Mastura Mohammad; Mustapha, Faizal; Leman, Zulkiflle; Irianto,

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.107972

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…There are several animals, minerals, and plant sources that generate natural fibers [33]. As shown in Figure 2, they are made of cellulose embedded in a hemicellulose and lignin matrix [34].…”

Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Natural Fiber-Based Filaments for 3D Printing: Filament Fabrication and Characterization

et al. 2023

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Today, additive manufacturing (AM) is the most recent technology used to produce detailed and complexly built parts for a variety of applications. The most emphasis has been given to fused deposition modeling (FDM) in the development and manufacturing fields. Natural fibers have received attention in the area of 3D printing to be employed as bio-filters with thermoplastics, which have prompted an effort for more ecologically acceptable methods of manufacturing. The development of natural fiber composite filaments for FDM requires meticulous methods and in-depth knowledge of the properties of natural fibers and their matrices. Thus, this paper reviews natural fiber-based 3D printing filaments. It covers the fabrication method and characterization of thermoplastic materials blended with natural fiber-produced wire filament. The characterization of wire filament includes the mechanical properties, dimension stability, morphological study, and surface quality. There is also a discussion of the difficulties in developing a natural fiber composite filament. Last but not least, the prospects of natural fiber-based filaments for FDM 3D printing are also discussed. It is hoped that, after reading this article, readers will have enough knowledge regarding how natural fiber composite filament for FDM is created.

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Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Natural Fiber-Based Filaments for 3D Printing: Filament Fabrication and Characterization

et al. 2023

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“…Recently, the innovation of employing natural fibers as a new sustainable material in polymers for industrial applications has increased significantly, as Khalid et al reported [23]. In FDM applications, a few natural fibers, such as flax [24], banana fiber [25], wood flour [26], palm oil waste [27], and cocoa shell [28], have also reportedly been used as biodegradable filler materials for reinforcement in the development of filaments for 3D printing. Natural fibers possess desirable attributes, such as cost-effectiveness, low density, elevated strength, and high modulus [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Self-Polymerized Polydopamine Coating on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA)–Kenaf Fiber (KF) in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

Hamat,

Ishak,

Salit

et al. 2023

Polymers

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This research examines the impact of self-polymerized polydopamine (PDA) coating on the mechanical properties and microstructural behavior of polylactic acid (PLA)/kenaf fiber (KF) composites in fused deposition modeling (FDM). A biodegradable FDM model of natural fiber-reinforced composite (NFRC) filaments, coated with dopamine and reinforced with 5 to 20 wt.% bast kenaf fibers, was developed for 3D printing applications. Tensile, compression, and flexural test specimens were 3D printed, and the influence of kenaf fiber content on their mechanical properties was assessed. A comprehensive characterization of the blended pellets and printed composite materials was performed, encompassing chemical, physical, and microscopic analyses. The results demonstrate that the self-polymerized polydopamine coating acted as a coupling agent, enhancing the interfacial adhesion between kenaf fibers and the PLA matrix and leading to improved mechanical properties. An increase in density and porosity was observed in the FDM specimens of the PLA–PDA–KF composites, proportional to their kenaf fiber content. The enhanced bonding between kenaf fiber particles and the PLA matrix contributed to an increase of up to 13.4% for tensile and 15.3% for flexural in the Young’s modulus of PLA–PDA–KF composites and an increase of up to 30% in compressive stress. The incorporation of polydopamine as a coupling agent in the FDM filament composite led to an improvement in tensile, compressive, and flexural stresses and strain at break, surpassing that of pure PLA, while the reinforcement provided by kenaf fibers was enhanced more by delayed crack growth, resulting in a higher strain at break. The self-polymerized polydopamine coatings exhibit remarkable mechanical properties, suggesting their potential as a sustainable material for diverse applications in FDM.

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“…It is utilized in industrial applications (including aircraft), dentistry and medical equipment, luxury applications, etc. For this work's purposes, the Material Extrusion Method (mostly known as fused deposition modeling (FDM) Method) is followed [13,14]. This approach is commonly employed in personal 3D printers, with material flowing through a heated nozzle and depositing in a continuous stream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite magnetic 3D-printing filament fabrication protocol opens new perspectives in magnetic hyperthermia

Makridis

Okkalidis

Trygoniaris

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Three-dimensional printing technology has emerged as a promising tool for meticulously fabricated scaffolds with high precision and accuracy, resulting in intricately detailed biomimetic 3D structures. Producing magnetic scaffolds with the aid of additive processes, known as 3D printing, reveals multitude and state-of-the-art areas of application such as tissue engineering, bone repair and regeneration, drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia. A crucial first step is the development of innovative polymeric composite magnetic materials. The current work presents a fabrication protocol of 3D printed polymer-bonded magnets using the Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing method. Polymer-bonded magnets are defined as composites with permanent-magnet powder embedded in a polymer binder matrix. By using a low-cost mixing extruder, four (4) different filament types of 1.75 mm were fabricated using commercial magnetite magnetic nanoparticles mixed with a pure polylactic acid powder (PLA) and a ferromagnetic PLA (Iron particles included) filaments. The powder mixture of the basic filaments was compounded mixed with the nanoparticles, and extruded to fabricate the 3D printing filament, which is subsequently characterized structurally and magnetically before the printing process. Magnetic polymer scaffolds are finally printed using composite filaments of different concentration in magnetite. Our results demonstrate that the heating efficiency (expressed in W/g) of the 3D printed magnetic polymer scaffolds (ranging from 2 to 5.5 W/g at magnetic field intensity of 30 mT and field frequency of 365 kHz) can be tuned by choosing either a magnetic or a non-magnetic filament mixed with an amount of magnetite nanoparticles in different concentrations of 10 or 20 wt %. Our work opens up new perspectives for future research, such as the fabrication of complex structures with suitable ferromagnetic custom-made filaments adjusting the mixing of different filaments for the construction of scaffolds aimed at improving the accuracy of magnetic hyperthermia treatment.

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Mechanical, thermal and physical characteristics of oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis) fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites for FDM – Type 3D printer

Cited by 39 publications

References 52 publications

A Review of Natural Fiber-Based Filaments for 3D Printing: Filament Fabrication and Characterization

A Review of Natural Fiber-Based Filaments for 3D Printing: Filament Fabrication and Characterization

The Effects of Self-Polymerized Polydopamine Coating on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA)–Kenaf Fiber (KF) in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

Composite magnetic 3D-printing filament fabrication protocol opens new perspectives in magnetic hyperthermia

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