Mechanical, thermal and dynamic-mechanical studies of functionalized halloysite nanotubes reinforced polypropylene composites

Krishnaiah, Prakash; Manickam, Sivakumar; Ratnam, Chantara Thevy; Raghu,; L, Parashuram; Kumar, Sanjeev; Jeon, Byong‐Hun

doi:10.1177/0967391120965115

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Slight variation (2 °C) was registered in T g . 60 Attapulgite (ATP) clay was intercalated with γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH-570) and butyl acrylate. The modified matter was added to the PP matrix at different proportions (1 to 7 wt.%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano lamellar zirconium phosphate and screw speed changing properties of melt extrusion polypropylene nanocomposites

Mariano

Freitas

Mendes

2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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Tetravalent metal phosphates find application mainly as a catalyst and ionic exchangers besides structural and some other properties. In this study, pristine zirconium phosphate (ZrP) and chemically modified with Jeffamine™ (variable amine:phosphate ratio) were used as fillers to yield polypropylene nanocomposites by melt extrusion. Additionally, two different screw speeds (60 and 120 rpm) were carried out. Structural, crystallographic, thermal, dynamic-mechanical, and relaxometry properties were assessed. The morphology was also noticed. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction revealed that high speed and chemical modified ZrP led to the mixing of intercalated and exfoliated microstructures. Screw speed (60 rpm) and zirconium phosphate promoted a slight increase of thermal stability. Crystallization temperature and crystallinity degree were strongly influenced by screw speed and zirconium phosphate. Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance in the time domain endorsed the existence of polymer/filler interaction. Both screw speed and zirconium phosphate induced changes in glass transition temperature and moduli (storage and loss). Scanning electron microscopy images corroborated the polymer/filler interaction due to the low level of micro void and filler detachment. Crystallographic, thermal, calorimetric, relaxometry and morphologic evaluations endorsed the better effect of high screw speed and good interaction between polypropylene and phosphate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano lamellar zirconium phosphate and screw speed changing properties of melt extrusion polypropylene nanocomposites

Mariano

Freitas

Mendes

2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…MAPP addition in all composite formulation is based on previous studies in which PP based GNP, GO, and HNTs nanocomposite systems without interfacial modification showed decreased mechanical properties especially, tensile strength and impact strength compared to modified PP nanocomposites. [13,32,37,38] MAPP at 4 phr in all formulations is based on previous studies in which MAPP at 4 phr was found sufficient to enhance dispersion at varying filler contents. [10,39] All materials of formulation were oven dried for 24 h at 100 C to remove adsorbed moisture.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pp Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of mechanical properties and thermal stability of graphene‐based materials and halloysite nanotubes reinforced maleated polymer compatibilized polypropylene nanocomposites

2022

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This study compares the reinforcing effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), graphene oxide (GO), and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in polypropylene (PP) based nanocomposites with PP‐g‐maleic anhydride (MAPP) as compatibilizer. PP/GNP/MAPP, PP/GO/MAPP, and PP/HNTs/MAPP nanocomposites were fabricated at nanofillers contents 1, 2, 3, 4 parts per hundred (phr) and MAPP at 4 phr, to PP matrix, using melt extrusion and injection molding techniques. Results show that at nanofillers optimum content, PP/GNP3/MAPP nanocomposite increased in tensile strength and modulus by 8% and 96%, respectively, compared to pure PP (p ˂ 0.05). PP/GNP3/MAPP nanocomposite also increased in tensile strength and modulus by 2% and 4% respectively, compared to PP/GO2/MAPP (p ˂ 0.05) and 2% and 15% compared to PP/HNTs2/MAPP (p ˂ 0.05) nanocomposites. For impact strength performance, PP/GNP2/MAPP nanocomposite increased in impact strength (notched) by 104% compared to pure PP (p ˂ 0.05). Also, PP/GNP2/MAPP nanocomposite increased in impact strength by 23% compared to PP/GO1/MAPP (p ˂ 0.05) and 13% compared to PP/HNTs1/MAPP (p ˂ 0.05), nanocomposites. In flexural properties, PP/GO4/MAPP nanocomposite increased in flexural strength and modulus by 24% and 28%, respectively, compared to pure PP (p ˂ 0.05). Also, PP/GO4/MAPP nanocomposite increased in flexural strength and modulus by 4% and 9%, respectively, compared to PP/GNP2/MAPP nanocomposite, and 9% and 21% respectively compared to PP/HNTs2/MAPP nanocomposite. PP/GNP2/MAPP nanocomposite increased in thermal stability by 12°C compared to pure PP; 29°C compared to PP/GO2/MAPP; and 15°C compared to PP/HNTs2/MAPP nanocomposites. Overall, PP/GNP/MAPP nanocomposite exhibited superior mechanical properties and thermal stability compared to PP/GO/MAPP and PP/HNTs/MAPP nanocomposites. PP/GO/MAPP was superior for bending properties while PP/HNTs/MAPP was best for ductility.

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“…Krishnaiah et al . 20 , 21 adapted the surface of HNTs with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to enrich the surface communication of HNTs with polylactide and polypropylene. Prashantha et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a model for modulus of polymer halloysite nanotube nanocomposites by the interphase zones around dispersed and networked nanotubes

Zare

Rhee

2022

Sci Rep

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Theoretical studies on the mechanical properties of halloysite nanotube (HNT)-based nanocomposites have neglected the HNT network and interphase section, despite the fact that the network and interphase have significant stiffening efficiencies. In the present study, the advanced Takayanagi equation for determining the modulus of nanocomposites is further developed by considering the interphase zones around the dispersed and networked HNTs above percolation onset. Furthermore, simple equations are provided to determine the percolation onset of HNTs and the volume portions of HNTs and interphase section in the network. The experimental values obtained for many samples and the assessments of all relevant factors validate the proposed model. The high ranges of HNT concentration, interphase depth, HNT modulus, HNT length, network modulus, interphase modulus, interphase concentration, and network fraction enhance the system modulus. However, the low levels of HNT radius, percolation onset, and matrix modulus can intensify the reinforcing effect. Notably, the moduli of the dispersed HNTs and the surrounding interphase negligibly affect the modulus of the samples. Moreover, HNTs cannot reinforce the polymer medium when the HNT volume fraction is lower than 0.01 and the interphase depth is less than 5 nm.

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Mechanical, thermal and dynamic-mechanical studies of functionalized halloysite nanotubes reinforced polypropylene composites

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Nano lamellar zirconium phosphate and screw speed changing properties of melt extrusion polypropylene nanocomposites

Nano lamellar zirconium phosphate and screw speed changing properties of melt extrusion polypropylene nanocomposites

Comparison of mechanical properties and thermal stability of graphene‐based materials and halloysite nanotubes reinforced maleated polymer compatibilized polypropylene nanocomposites

Development of a model for modulus of polymer halloysite nanotube nanocomposites by the interphase zones around dispersed and networked nanotubes

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