Mechanical, Thermal, and Ablative Properties of Silica, Zirconia, and Titania Modified Carbon-Phenol Ablative Composites

Abstract

The effect of nanozirconia, nanotitania, and fumed silica on the mechanical, thermal, and ablation behaviour of carbon-phenolic (C-Ph) composites is investigated. The inorganic nanofillers at different loading percentage are used to prepare nano-C-Ph panels by the compression moulding technique. The dispersion of nanofillers is confirmed through SEM analysis. After manufacturing of C-Ph laminates, the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness are evaluated and the effect of these fillers is investigated. Thermal conductivity, thermal erosion, and back wall temperatures were measured to understand the thermal and ablation behaviour of nano-C-Ph laminates. Additionally, the ablation mechanism is analysed by performing SEM analysis of partially and fully burnt composite laminates. The erosion resistance and burnout time of zirconia-C-Ph panels significantly improved with increase in filler loading percentage; however, the back wall temperature rises with filler loading. Titania-filled C-Ph panels show a better control over the back wall temperature but with a poor erosion control. Silica-filled composite panels have shown a balance between decreased back wall temperature with a reasonable erosion rate and burnout time.

The effect of nanocarbon inclusion on mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties of phenolic resin‐based composites: An overview

“…Some nano fillers has also shown better mechanical, thermal, flame retardancy, and dielectric properties for PBZ type phenolic resin matrix 103,104 . Furthermore, there has been also presented some functional enhancements using nano TiO 2 , 105,106 nano SiO 2 , 107–111 nano vermiculite, 112 nano SiC, 113,114 nano ZrO 2 , 115 nano alumina, 116 nano clay, 117 nano rubber, 118 nano boron carbide, 119,120 nano boron nitride, 121 nano‐ZrSi 2 , 122 nano Al 2 O 3 , 123 and nano MoS 2 124 . But now a days, research interests are focusing on carbon‐based nanomaterials inclusion in polymer‐based composite, because these nanomaterials can potentially possess the demand of outstanding performance improvements synergically including mechanical, tribological, and thermal behaviors which can be required together or alone for the intended applications with less production cost also.…”

Micro and Nanoporous Membrane Platforms for Carbon Neutrality: Membrane Gas Separation Prospects

“…For many years, amorphous microporous silica membranes have pore diameters < 2 nm and can pass small molecules while blocking larger ones. [20,21] This membrane type has an amorphous framework with high porosity and three-dimensional (3D) micropores, giving them extraordinary molecularsieving ability. [22] Moreover, different silica types, including SBA-15, MCM-41, and MCM-48, were used as support materials for gas-separation membranes, which demonstrated excellent selectivity for other gases such as CH 4 , CO 2, and N 2 (Figure 4).…”

“…For many years, amorphous microporous silica membranes have pore diameters <2 nm and can pass small molecules while blocking larger ones [20,21] . This membrane type has an amorphous framework with high porosity and three‐dimensional (3D) micropores, giving them extraordinary molecular‐sieving ability [22] .…”

State-of-the-Art on Advancements in Carbon–Phenolic and Carbon–Elastomeric Ablatives

“…Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for analysis. Through these assessments and investigations, a more comprehensive understanding of the ablation, thermal, and mechanical attributes of carbon-phenolic (C-Ph) nanocomposites was achieved [ 47 ].…”