Mechanical strength of wheat grain varieties influenced by moisture content and loading rate

Engineering properties are of great importance for Cassia tora seeds in aspects of harvesting, handling mechanical design and product processing. The effect of moisture content on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of Cassia seeds was systematically investigated in this study. Specifically, physical properties (length, width, bulk and true density, porosity, thousand seeds mass, coefficient of static friction and angle of repose), mechanical properties (hardness, fragmentation energy and failure deformations), as well as thermal properties(specific heat, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity), were systematically studied under five levels of moisture content (7 %, 10 %, 13 %, 16 % and 19 %) (wet basis). As the moisture contents increase from 7 % to 19 % (w.b.), the length (L) increased from 4.52 to 5.87 mm, the thickness (T) from 2.51 to 3.51 mm and the width (W) from 2.36 to 3.02 mm, respectively. The bulk density and true density of Cassia tora seeds decreased from 775.83 to 654.17 kg/m3 and from 1295.21 to 1154.72 kg/m3, respectively, with the moisture content raised from 7% to 19% (w.b.). The thermal conductivity of Cassia tora seeds meal was found to be 0.068- 0.098 W·m-1·K-1, 0.078- 0.112 W·m-1·K-1, 0.089- 0.125 W·m-1·K-1, 0.098- 0.136 W·m-1·K-1, 0.108- 0.148 W·m-1·K-1, 0.119- 0.159 W·m-1·K-1, respectively, at 25 °C, 45 °C, 65 °C, 85 °C, 105 °C and 125 °C in moisture ranges of 7 %- 19 %. The thermal diffusivity was found to decrease from 5.21×10-8 to 4.53×10-8 m2/s, from 5.75×10-8 to 4.91×10-8 m2/s, from 6.11×10-8 to 5.17×10-8 m2/s, from 6.52×10-8 to 5.36×10-8 m2/s, from 7.17×10-8 to 5.77×10-8 m2/s, from 7.36×10-8 to 5.84×10-8 m2/s, respectively, at 25 °C, 45 °C, 65 °C, 85 °C, 105 °C and 125 °C in moisture ranges of 7 %- 19 %. The results suggested that physical properties exhibited linear relationships with moisture content using the regression model, while mechanical properties showed a second-order polynomial relationship with moisture content. Furthermore, significant variation existed in thermal properties because of differentiate moisture content and temperature. These data and rules are also useful for high efficiency machines design and mechanisms development.

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“…X direction:Ha= 0. These ndings and conclusions are consistent with similar studies results obtained by wheat grain [12] and olive Fruit [16].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 94%

Engineering properties of Cassia tora seeds and meal as a function of moisture content

Peng

Fang

Xiang

2022

Preprint

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“…Few research studies have been conducted to explore the strength properties of grains such as apple [7] , desert date nuts [8] , pistachio nuts and kernel [9] , apricot pit and apricot seed [10,11] , sea buckthorn berries [12] , potato [13] , caper fruit [14] , rice [15] and wheat seeds [16] .…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of moisture content and compressive loading speed on the mechanical properties of maize grain orientations

Chandio

et al. 2021

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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Determination of the mechanical properties (rupture force, deformation, hardness, and toughness) of maize grain could be a significant concern for designing the harvester, thresher, and handling, processing, and storage equipment. Thus, the present research was conducted to assess the vertical and lateral rupture force, deformation, hardness, and toughness of maize grain (Beijing Denong, Lianchuang, Suyu 20, Liyu 88 and Suyu 29) influenced by different moisture contents (11.2%, 17.5%, and 21.3%) and compressive loading speeds (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mm/min, respectively). Besides, the mean length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, equivalent diameter, arithmetic diameter, sphericity, grain volume, surface area, and aspect ratio of the selected varieties were measured. The results showed that the highest length, width, thickness and sphericity, grain volume, surface area, and aspect ratio were obtained at moisture of 21.3%, whereas the lowest was at 11.2%. Moreover, it was observed that as increasing the loading speed from 5 to 25 mm/min, the vertical and lateral rupture forces decreased. However, as increasing moisture contents from 11.2% to 21.3%, the vertical and lateral rupture forces, hardness, and toughness decreased noticeably. Furthermore, the maximum correlation (R 2 =0.9957) between rupture force and loading speed was found for Liyu 88 at moisture of 17.5% and minimum correlation (R 2 =0.7002) was found for Suyu 29 at moisture of 11.2%. Moreover, the highest lateral and vertical rupture force was noticed (p<0.05) at a loading speed of 5 mm/min. Based on the experimentally obtained results, it was concluded that the properties of maize grain evaluated were relevant to the design of planter, harvesters, thrashers, and processing machine.

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“…In contrast, the BS in stage III is reduced close to zero. Consider the energy absorption capability, the wet kernels is higher than dry ones, the kernels achieve a greater flexibility at high moisture, thus making the kernels absorb more deformation energy before crack [32][33]. It cannot be neglected that numerous kernels are split into parts but still connected by seed coat.…”

Section: Handy Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HANDY: A Device for Assessing Resistance to Mechanical Crushing of Maize Kernel

Su¹,

Xu²,

Cui

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: How to reduce the physical damage during maize kernel harvesting is a major problem for both mechanical designers and plant breeders. A limitation of addressing this problem is the lack of a reliable method for assessing kernel damage susceptibility. Previous methods of testing kernel strength lack in make a comparative discussion from the viewpoint of threshing. The design, construction and testing of a portable tool called “HANDY”, which can assess the resistance to mechanical crushing in maize kernel. A device is designed and developed that can impact the kernel with a special accelerator at a given rotating speed and then cause measurable damage of maize kernel. These factors are varied to determine the ideal parameters for operating the HANDY. Results: Baseline testing of the HANDY is performed to determine the initial range of testing parameters. The result shows that the optimum number of test times is one for one group of maize kernels. Breakage index (BI, target index of HANDY), decreased as the moisture content of kernel increased or the rotating speed decreased within the tested range. Furthermore, the HANDY exhibited a greater sensitivity in testing kernels at higher moisture level influence on susceptibility of damage maize kernel than that in Breakage Susceptibility tests, particularly when the centrifugation speed is about 1800 rpm and the disc is curved type centrifugal disc. Considering that the mechanical properties of kernels vary greatly as the moisture content changes, a subsection linear (average goodness of fit is 0.87) to predict the threshing quality is built by piecewise function analysis, which is divided by kernel moisture. Specifically, threshing quality is regarded as a function of the measured result of the HANDY.Conclusions: The HANDY provides a quantitative assessment of mechanical crushing resistance of maize kernel. The BI is demonstrated to be a more robust index than breakage susceptibility (BS) when evaluating threshing quality in harvesting in terms of both reliability and accuracy. This study also offers a new perspective for evaluating the mechanical crushing resistance of grains, and provides technical support for breeding maize varieties which are suitable for mechanical harvesting.

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Mechanical strength of wheat grain varieties influenced by moisture content and loading rate

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Engineering properties of Cassia tora seeds and meal as a function of moisture content

Engineering properties of Cassia tora seeds and meal as a function of moisture content

Influences of moisture content and compressive loading speed on the mechanical properties of maize grain orientations

HANDY: A Device for Assessing Resistance to Mechanical Crushing of Maize Kernel

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