Mechanical strength of porous silicon and its possible applications

Klyshko, A.; Balucani, M.; Ferrari, Aldo

doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2007.10.002

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is usually explained by the fact that a pore's structure leads to high nonuniform stress distribution along the micro-pores of the porous media during its deformation (Klyshko et al 2008). As follows from the graphs presented in Figure 6.21d, the results on the p + -PSi are close to the theoretical curve with m = 2.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties (Strains and Strength)supporting

confidence: 63%

“…Meanwhile, results on n + -PSi samples are much closer to the exponential character with m = 5. Klyshko et al (2008) explained this effect by the different structure of pores of these materials. The anodization on p + -Si(100) gives vertically arranged pores while on the n + -Si(111) wafers, the pores are less regular and have a tree-like structure.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties (Strains and Strength)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Silicon Porosification: Approaches to PSi Parameters Control

2016

Porous Silicon: From Formation to Application: Formation and Properties, Volume One

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Section: Mechanical Properties (Strains and Strength)supporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Mechanical Properties (Strains and Strength)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Porosification: Approaches to PSi Parameters Control

2016

Porous Silicon: From Formation to Application: Formation and Properties, Volume One

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“…Porous microneedles, which may be used as a single-unit-drug delivery system, can be prepared from pore-forming materials ( 11 ), from (nano)particles ( 12 , 13 ), or by making solid microneedle material porous ( 14 , 15 ). Porous microneedle arrays (MNAs) can be loaded with a drug, by loading the formulation into the pores of the MNAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Microneedle Arrays Effectively Induce Antibody Responses against Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoid

et al. 2017

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The skin is immunologically very potent because of the high number of antigen-presenting cells in the dermis and epidermis, and is therefore considered to be very suitable for vaccination. However, the skin’s physical barrier, the stratum corneum, prevents foreign substances, including vaccines, from entering the skin. Microneedles, which are needle-like structures with dimensions in the micrometer range, form a relatively new approach to circumvent the stratum corneum, allowing for minimally invasive and pain-free vaccination. In this study, we tested ceramic nanoporous microneedle arrays (npMNAs), representing a novel microneedle-based drug delivery technology, for their ability to deliver the subunit vaccines diphtheria toxoid (DT) and tetanus toxoid (TT) intradermally. First, the piercing ability of the ceramic (alumina) npMNAs, which contained over 100 microneedles per array, a length of 475 µm, and an average pore size of 80 nm, was evaluated in mouse skin. Then, the hydrodynamic diameters of DT and TT and the loading of DT, TT, and imiquimod into, and subsequent release from the npMNAs were assessed in vitro. It was shown that DT and TT were successfully loaded into the tips of the ceramic nanoporous microneedles, and by using near-infrared fluorescently labeled antigens, we found that DT and TT were released following piercing of the antigen-loaded npMNAs into ex vivo murine skin. Finally, the application of DT- and TT-loaded npMNAs onto mouse skin in vivo led to the induction of antigen-specific antibodies, with titers similar to those obtained upon subcutaneous immunization with a similar dose. In conclusion, we show for the first time, the potential of npMNAs for intradermal (ID) immunization with subunit vaccines, which opens possibilities for future ID vaccination designs.

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“…Whereas high porosity silicon (> 70 % porosity) is completely biodegradable [ 78 ] (e.g., complete dissolution of a 68–70 % porous silicon (40–60 nm pores) implant occurs within 8 weeks in vivo [ 79 ]), low porosity silicon and macroporous silicon (> 50 nm pores) are quite bioinert materials similar to normal silicon [ 78 ]. Silicon is already a brittle material and making it porous its strength is reduced (e.g., inducing 40 % porosity into silicon leads to a tenfold decreased mechanical strength [ 81 ]). Hence, porous silicon microneedles may easily break and stay inside the skin upon piercing.…”

Section: Drug Delivery Via Porous Microneedle Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microneedle-based drug and vaccine delivery via nanoporous microneedle arrays

Maaden¹,

Lüttge²,

Vos³

et al. 2015

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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In the literature, several types of microneedles have been extensively described. However, porous microneedle arrays only received minimal attention. Hence, only little is known about drug delivery via these microneedles. However, porous microneedle arrays may have potential for future microneedle-based drug and vaccine delivery and could be a valuable addition to the other microneedle-based drug delivery approaches. To gain more insight into porous microneedle technologies, the scientific and patent literature is reviewed, and we focus on the possibilities and constraints of porous microneedle technologies for dermal drug delivery. Furthermore, we show preliminary data with commercially available porous microneedles and describe future directions in this field of research.

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Mechanical strength of porous silicon and its possible applications

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Silicon Porosification: Approaches to PSi Parameters Control

Silicon Porosification: Approaches to PSi Parameters Control

Nanoporous Microneedle Arrays Effectively Induce Antibody Responses against Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoid

Microneedle-based drug and vaccine delivery via nanoporous microneedle arrays

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