Mechanical strain, thermal and pressure effects on the absorption edge of an organic charge-transfer polymer for flexible photovoltaics and sensors

Ratajczyk, Paulina; Katrusiak, Andrzej; Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur; Przybył, Wojciech; Krysiak, P.; Kwak, Anna; Iwan, Agnieszka

doi:10.1039/d1ma01066b

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The mechanical properties showed 0.8% elongation between single and double PTB7 layers. The plastic deformation observed on the flexible PET/ITO substrate was 93.1 ± 7.9 MPa, with a break point of 155.4 ± 7.9 MPa, which is an improvement compared to the neat PET/ITO substrate 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics

Bogdanowicz,

Lalik,

Ratajczyk

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Due to its high electron affinity and electron mobility in a wide absorption range of the visible solar spectrum, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) is often used as an efficient acceptor in organic photovoltaics. In turn, imines are additives to the active layer of organic solar cells, mainly due to the free electron pair of the imine nitrogen atom and the presence of various chemical groups affecting the polarity and conformations of molecules. However, the attainable efficiency is not as high as expected. Therefore, we have systematically investigated two imines and their mixtures with PC71BM by spectroscopic (the high pressure UV–Vis and frequency domain dielectric), thermoelectric, and mechanical methods for organic, flexible photovoltaics. Both the imines, (N,NʹE,N,NʹE)-N,Nʹ-([2,2ʹ:5ʹ,2ʺ-terthiophene]-5,5ʺ-diylbis(methanylylidene))bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-imine) (SC3) and (6E)-N-((5-(5-(5-((E)-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)phenylimino)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)-4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)benzenamine (SC13), have the same core composed of three thiophene rings but different terminal chains of the molecules. In the imine SC3, the imine bond is followed by benzothiazole rings on both sides of the core, while in SC13, a thiazole ring separates two benzene rings, the terminal one F-substituted. The difference in molecular structure affects the electric properties of the neat imine and its mixed layers. An addition of PC71BM to the imines improves their electric conductivity. The mechanical studies focused on the stress at break and elongation showed superior behaviour compared to fullerene derivative. High pressure systematically reduces the band gap energy, Eg, from 1.68 eV at 0.16 GPa to 1.51 eV at 2.69 GPa for PC71BM, from 1.77 eV at 0.1 MPa to 1.53 eV at 4.15 GPa for SC3, and from 1.99 eV at 0.11 GPa to 1.8 eV at 3.10 GPa for SC13, as determined by the UV–Vis absorbance measurements in a diamond-anvil cell. These Eg reductions reflect the compressed intermolecular interactions that can be used to monitor the structural stability of these compounds. Based on the dielectric studies it was found that the relaxation processes registered for both imines are probably the grain boundary relaxation. Two processes also appear in the systems with PC71BM, but none of them is the one characteristic of imines. The high-frequency process has a dipole character while the low-frequency one is probably the grain boundary relaxation of these systems. The mechanism of quasi-DC conduction in various temperature ranges in the studied systems was also determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In most cases, the elevated pressure reduces the intermolecular and interionic distances and increases the mobility of electrons, although the reverse processes are also possible 26 – 30 . Furthermore, the compression provides the information about the performance of the thin photovoltaic layers under strain 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics

Bogdanowicz,

Lalik,

Ratajczyk

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…[24][25][26] However, organic photovoltaic materials were only sporadically studied under extreme conditions. [27][28][29] To the best of our knowledge, few studies have focused on specific aspects of semiconducting perylene diimide derivatives, such as their structural or optical response to pressure and temperature changes. 22,23,30,31 These scarce comprehensive studies significantly increased the understanding of the structure-property relationships as a function of temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the sensing potential of phenyl-substituted perylene diimides under extreme conditions

Ratajczyk,

Sobczak,

Woźny

et al. 2023

J. Mater. Chem. C

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Influence of imine symmetry and triphenylamine moieties on photovoltaic properties of BHJ organic solar cells

Bogdanowicz

Przybył

Dysz

et al. 2023

Materials Science and Engineering: B

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Mechanical strain, thermal and pressure effects on the absorption edge of an organic charge-transfer polymer for flexible photovoltaics and sensors

Abstract: Mechanical and thermal strains in organic photovoltaic layers deposited on poly(ethylene-terephthalate) (PET) and glass substrates and the resulting effect on the bandgap energy have been determined for organic charge-transfer polymer...

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics

A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics

Unlocking the sensing potential of phenyl-substituted perylene diimides under extreme conditions

Influence of imine symmetry and triphenylamine moieties on photovoltaic properties of BHJ organic solar cells

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