Mechanical stimulation of primary cilia

Resnick, Andrew; Hopfer, Ulrich

doi:10.2741/2790

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Both measurements indicated the trap strength of a 2-m-diam latex sphere in PBS of approximately 210 pN. This is in the range of forces within a renal tubule, 38 indicating that a trapped sphere can be used to apply a physiologically relevant force to a cilium. …”

Section: Tweezer Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Numerical solution of this system has been performed, and preliminary results have been presented elsewhere. 38 Those prior results provided much of the justification for the experimental work presented here.…”

Section: Magnitude Of Applied Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While very little detailed experimentation to measure the physical properties of the cilium has been performed, 38 preliminary results indicate that the cilium can be adequately modeled as a homogeneous slender cantilevered cylinder with a free end and a built-in end, and with a bending modulus of 31 pN*m 2 ͑Ref. 25͒.…”

Section: Magnitude Of Applied Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These images are taken from a video sequence and show that a primary cilium can be stably trapped and held in the trap with sufficient force to allow for significant deformation. Using published data for the mechanical stiffness of the primary cilium, 25 applying the trap to the distal tip of the cilium, and measuring the maximal deflection of the cilium tip from acquired images allowed the deformed cilium to be modeled as a homogeneous cylindrical cantilevered beam 38 and thus estimate the applied force. Using this data, the applied force was estimated to be approximately 1 pN.…”

Section: The Tweezers Can Directly Trap a Cilium With Sufficient Forcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of optical tweezers to probe epithelial mechanosensation

Resnick

2010

J. Biomed. Opt

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Abstract. Cellular mechanosensation mechanisms have been implicated in a variety of disease states. Specifically in renal tubules, the primary cilium and associated mechanosensitive ion channels are hypothesized to play a role in water and salt homeostasis, with relevant disease states including polycystic kidney disease and hypertension. Previous experiments investigating ciliary-mediated cellular mechanosensation have used either fluid flow chambers or micropipetting to elicit a biological response. The interpretation of these experiments in terms of the "ciliary hypothesis" has been difficult due the spatially distributed nature of the mechanical disturbance-several competing hypotheses regarding possible roles of primary cilium, glycocalyx, microvilli, cell junctions, and actin cytoskeleton exist. I report initial data using optical tweezers to manipulate individual primary cilia in an attempt to elicit a mechanotransduction response-specifically, the release of intracellular calcium. The advantage of using laser tweezers over previous work is that the applied disturbance is highly localized. I find that stimulation of a primary cilium elicits a response, while stimulation of the apical surface membrane does not. These results lend support to the hypothesis that the primary cilium mediates transduction of mechanical strain into a biochemical response in renal epithelia.

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Section: Tweezer Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Magnitude Of Applied Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magnitude Of Applied Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Tweezers Can Directly Trap a Cilium With Sufficient Forcmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Use of optical tweezers to probe epithelial mechanosensation

Resnick

2010

J. Biomed. Opt

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“…Specifically, it is possible to measure the bending modulus 57,58 and generated force, 59,60 both of which modulate the biological role of motile cilia and flagella (mucociliary transport and microorganism propulsion) and sensory cilia (flow sensing). 51,52 Finally, the capability of near-simultaneous trapping and observation of a biological response (for example, intracellular Ca 2þ ratiometric imaging) 1,37 could provide improved understanding of the biological role of this organelle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near real-time measurement of forces applied by an optical trap to a rigid cylindrical object

2014

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Abstract. An automated data acquisition and processing system is established to measure the force applied by an optical trap to an object of unknown composition in real time. Optical traps have been in use for the past 40 years to manipulate microscopic particles, but the magnitude of applied force is often unknown and requires extensive instrument characterization. Measuring or calculating the force applied by an optical trap to nonspherical particles presents additional difficulties which are also overcome with our system. Extensive experiments and measurements using well-characterized objects were performed to verify the system performance. © The Authors.Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Orientation of Primary Cilia of Articular Chondrocytes in Three‐Dimensional Space

Farnum

Wilsman

2011

The Anatomical Record

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Primary cilia have functions as sensory organelles integral to signal transduction and establishment of cell polarity. In articular cartilage the primary cilium has been hypothesized to function as an antenna to sense the biomechanical environment, regulate the secretion of extracellular matrix components, and maintain cellular positional information, leading to high tissue anisotropy. We used analysis of electron microscopy serial sections to demonstrate positional attributes of the primary cilium of adult equine articular chondrocytes in situ. Data for $500 axonemes, comparing superficial to radiate chondrocytes from both load-bearing and non-load-bearing regions, were graphed using spherical co-ordinates y, u. The data demonstrate the axoneme has a definable orientation in 3D space differing in superficial and radiate zone chondrocytes, cells that differ by 90 in the orientation of their major axes to the articular surface. Axonemal orientation is more definable in load-bearing than in non-loadbearing areas. The position of emergence of the axoneme from the cell also is variable. In load-bearing regions of the superficial zone, extension of the axoneme is from the cellular side facing the subchondral bone. In radiate zone cells, axonemes extend from either face of the chondrocyte, that is, both toward the articular surface or toward the subchondral bone. In non-load-bearing regions this consistency is lost. These observations relate to current hypotheses concerning establishment of tissue anisotropy in articular cartilage during development, involving both migration of cells from the joint periphery and a restricted zone of division within the tissue resulting in the columnar arrangement of radiate zone cells. Anat Rec, 294:533-549, 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Mechanical stimulation of primary cilia

Cited by 23 publications

References 75 publications

Use of optical tweezers to probe epithelial mechanosensation

Use of optical tweezers to probe epithelial mechanosensation

Near real-time measurement of forces applied by an optical trap to a rigid cylindrical object

Orientation of Primary Cilia of Articular Chondrocytes in Three‐Dimensional Space

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