Mechanical stability of Sn–Co alloy anodes for lithium secondary batteries

Tamura, Noriyuki; Fujimoto, Masahisa; Kamino, Maruo; Fujitani, S.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2003.12.024

Cited by 144 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Thereafter, the chemical formula of this film is denoted as Co 30.5 Sn 69.5 . [12]. In this case, the possibility including amorphous Sn was not suggested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Preparation of Co–Sn alloy film as negative electrode for lithium secondary batteries by pulse electrodeposition method

Kikuchi

Jimba

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Thereafter, the chemical formula of this film is denoted as Co 30.5 Sn 69.5 . [12]. In this case, the possibility including amorphous Sn was not suggested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Preparation of Co–Sn alloy film as negative electrode for lithium secondary batteries by pulse electrodeposition method

Kikuchi

Jimba

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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“…An enabler for good adhesion between the expanding and contracting Li-Si [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] active material (and alloys of Li-Si-Sn 28 ) and the copper current collector is the roughened surface of the copper. In a related vein, Kim et al 29 found that the cycle performance of the silicon-graphite composite electrodes that were slurry-coated onto Cu foils was enhanced when a nodule-type copper foil was employed, similar to the morphology depicted in Figure 1.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Lithium-Silicon Thick-Film Electrodes for High-Energy-Density Batteries

Xiao

Balogh

Raghunathan

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We have developed a method to operate lithium-silicon (Li-Si) thick-film electrodes in a manner consistent with traction applications. Key to the operating strategy is the voltage control of the electrode. It is expected that strong reducing environments, created by operating the electrode at low potentials (near that of Li), reduce battery life. We show that operating Li-Si at higher potentials is also damaging, and this is counterintuitive in that common negative electrodes (e.g., graphites and titanates) do not suffer from this limitation. Arguments based on measured Coulombic efficiencies, cycle life tests, in-situ stress measurements, and high-resolution microscopy resolve the otherwise anomalous findings. We show that promising half-cell ( Silicon film electrodes have been shown to be useful for characterization purposes insofar as one need not treat binders, various particle geometries, conductive diluents, and other complications inherent in the construction of porous electrodes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In this work, we focus on the potential utility of Si thick-film electrodes formed on roughened copper current collectors. If sufficient capacity can be obtained, such a geometry might simplify electrode fabrication, as the electrode host material would consist of nothing more than Si deposited on a current collector, and high specific energies (Wh/L) and energy densities (Wh/kg) could result.Four topics are examined in this endeavor. First, by controlling the potential limits over which we operate a Li-Si electrode, can we obtain sufficient stability for relatively thick-film electrodes (i.e., yielding more than 2 mAh/cm 2 )? Second, how does the electrochemical performance correlate with stress in the electrode over the potential window of operation? Third, because the electrode consists of only Li and Si, we can isolate equilibrium hysteresis behavior associated with this alloy, and we derive and implement a simple model to represent the voltage-composition data that may be useful in subsequent engineering analyses of electrodes with a significant Li-Si contribution. Last, we examine full cells (Li-Si vs. an NMC622 positive electrode, corresponding to Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 ) in the context of capacity, cycle life, cycle efficiency, microstructure, and elemental analysis. A cell modeling tool 45 is used to examine the efficacy of the Si film electrodes for actual battery electric vehicle applications based on specific energy and energy density calculations.

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“…These peaks are not indexed to crystalline phases such as Sn, Co, Sn x Co or Na x Sn. This electrochemical reaction is similar to the one of Li-ion with Co 3 Sn 2 8 and amorphous Sn-Co. 10 In the XRD patterns of Co 3 Sn 2 electrodes and amorphous Sn-Co electrodes, new peaks also appeared/disappeared during Liion insertion/extraction, and the original peaks remained unchanged. Additionally, the new peak is not indexed to crystalline phases such as Sn, Co, Sn x Co or Li x Sn.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…8 The Sn-Co anodes exhibit good cycle performance because cobalt does not alloy with lithium and cobalt buffer the change in volume of electrode during cycling. [9][10][11][12][13] This paper evaluates the electrochemical properties of Sn-Co electrodes for SIBs to reveal the correlation between cycle performance and binder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium-Ion Insertion/Extraction Properties of Sn-Co Anodes and Na Pre-Doped Sn-Co Anodes

Yui

Ono

Hayashi

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrochemical properties of Sn-Co were investigated to show the correlation between the cycle performance and the binders of the electrode component materials. Sn-Co electrodes with polyacrylic acid (PAA) exhibited a better cycle property (about 300 mAh/g up to 30 cycles) than those with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF). This better cycle property with PAA was due to the slight change in the volume of the electrode that occurred during cycling as revealed by in-situ light microscopy. In addition, Na pre-doping in Sn-Co electrodes improved the average coulombic efficiency from 95.4% to 99.9% at 2-10 cycles. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are used for power storage in electrical products and electric vehicles, and the demand for them is likely to increase. However, since lithium is not an abundant metal, it is expensive. On the other hand, because sodium is abundant and cheap; and interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has been growing.The materials that have been studied for use as SIB anodes include hard carbon 1-4 and tin. [5][6][7] Hard carbon can be cycled more than 100 times, but the capacity is only about 250 mAh/g. 1 In addition, the capacities of sodium cells with hard carbon electrodes are smaller than equivalent lithium cells. 4 On the other hand, the capacity of tin is about 500 mAh/g, but tin electrodes have the drawback of poor cycle performance (only several cycles) due to the large expansion and contraction of the volume of tin electrodes (about 5.3 times larger than hard carbon) 6 that accompanies Na-ion insertion (alloying) and extraction (dealloying). These alloying/dealloying processes of Sn with Na are similar to those of Sn with Li. Therefore, a key factor is that tin-based electrodes inhibit the change in volume during cycling. As reported in Ref. 6, the cycle properties of tin electrodes for SIBs can be improved by adopting a polyacrylic acid (PAA) binder. In that study, the capacity of Sn electrodes remained about 500 mAh/g after 20 cycles. Thus, a binder is one of the most important component materials in an electrode.LIBs using Sn-Co anodes were first commercialized by Sony Corporation.8 The Sn-Co anodes exhibit good cycle performance because cobalt does not alloy with lithium and cobalt buffer the change in volume of electrode during cycling. [9][10][11][12][13] This paper evaluates the electrochemical properties of Sn-Co electrodes for SIBs to reveal the correlation between cycle performance and binder.Sn-Co electrodes were prepared with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) or PAA as binders. The electrochemical properties of Sn-Co electrodes with a PAA binder were examined by performing galvanostatic discharge-charge experiments, and the results were compared with those obtained with PVdF as the binder. Additionally, the change in volume of a Sn-Co electrode with PAA or PVdF during Na-ion insertion (alloying)/extraction (dealloying) was evaluated by in-situ light microscopy for the first time. The crystallographic structural change of Sn-Co during cycling was characterized by X-ray d...

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Mechanical stability of Sn–Co alloy anodes for lithium secondary batteries

Cited by 144 publications

References 22 publications

Preparation of Co–Sn alloy film as negative electrode for lithium secondary batteries by pulse electrodeposition method

Preparation of Co–Sn alloy film as negative electrode for lithium secondary batteries by pulse electrodeposition method

Fabrication and Characterization of Lithium-Silicon Thick-Film Electrodes for High-Energy-Density Batteries

Sodium-Ion Insertion/Extraction Properties of Sn-Co Anodes and Na Pre-Doped Sn-Co Anodes

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