Mechanical response of nanocrystalline steel obtained by mechanical attrition

Rodríguez-Baracaldo, R.; Benito, J.A.; Cabrera, J.M.; Prado, J. M.

doi:10.1007/s10853-006-0650-2

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A commercial pure iron powder was severely deformed in a planetary ball mill within stainless steel bowls in an inert gas atmosphere. The low and medium carbon steel samples were obtained by severe milling of iron powder with controlled addition of Etilen-bis-stearamide (EBS) [4]. This wax acts as a source of carbon atoms that will be mechanically alloyed to the pure iron.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ductility of Bulk Nanocrystalline and Ultrafine Grain Iron and Steel

Benito

Tejedor

Rodríguez-Baracaldo

et al. 2009

MSF

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This paper reviews the ductility of nanostructured and ultrafine iron obtained using a variety of methods. Mechanical milling of powder and subsequent hot consolidation, one of the most popular methods offer high mechanical strength but poor ductility. Improvements made in the consolidation processes and the introduction of final heat treatments, in addition to new approaches such as spark plasma sintering and high pressure torsion, have increased the total plastic strain of nanostructured iron. The development of bimodal structures enables the existence of strain hardening and more uniform deformation. The paper also includes a steel study, which finds that the hardness of milled powder and the role of carbon atoms inside ferrite grains make it more difficult to improve the ductility of nanostructured samples.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ductility of Bulk Nanocrystalline and Ultrafine Grain Iron and Steel

Benito

Tejedor

Rodríguez-Baracaldo

et al. 2009

MSF

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show abstract

“…A commercial pure iron powder was severely deformed in a planetary ball mill with stainless steels bowls under an Ar gas atmosphere. The low and medium carbon steel samples were obtained by severe milling of iron powder with controlled addition of Etilen-bis-stearamide (EBS) [6,7]. This wax acts as a source of carbon atoms that will be mechanically alloyed to the pure iron.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process is useful to obtain a wide range of grain sizes in the nanocrystalline and ultrafine regimes by combining different consolidation temperatures with subsequent heat treatments. This procedure has been used to investigate the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties in bulk specimens of iron and steel as the grain size increases from tens of nanometers to a few microns [4][5][6][7][8]. In this paper, samples of low and medium carbon steel with different ferritic grain sizes and cementite distributions have been obtained by combining warm consolidation temperatures with subsequent heat treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Plastic Deformation in Nanocrystalline and Ultrafine Iron and Carbon Steels

Benito

Tejedor

Rodríguez-Baracaldo

et al. 2008

MSF

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Samples of nanostructured and ultrafine grained steels with carbon content ranging from 0.05 to 0.55%wt. have been obtained by a warm consolidation process from mechanically milled powders and subsequent heat treatments. In general, homogeneous grain size distributions were obtained except for the low-carbon steel in which a bimodal grain size distribution was observed when it was heat treated at high temperatures. The stress-strain response has been studied by means of compression tests. Nanostructured materials showed high strength but poor results in terms of ductility. In the low-ultrafine range (mean grain size between 100-500 nm) the three materials showed an increase in the ductility with strain softening. Finally, when the average grain size was close to 1 µm samples showed larger ductility and strain hardening.

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“…This procedure allowed to identify the contour of grains free from overlapping effects. Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) pattern were obtained in all cases [11]. The grain size distributions and the average grain size were obtained after measuring individually more than 250 grains in each case.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shape of the grains is quite homogeneous and they are randomly oriented as it can be seen on the continuous diffractions rings of ferrite in the SAED pattern. The space between diffraction rings usually appeared free of spots indicating a small presence of oxides and Fe 3 C in the sample [11]. The grain size in the specimens with subsequent heat treatment showed a non homogeneous growth since large ferrite grains were easily distinguished.…”

Section: Microstructural Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%