Mechanical reinforcement in natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

Ramorino, Giorgio; Bignotti, Fabio; Pandini, Stefano; Riccò, T.

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.02.023

Cited by 102 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A strong reduction of the dynamic modulus was observed also by increasing the temperature [50]. The 2-D melting of the paraffinic chains substituents of the compensating ion [105] was commented as a possible explanation [66,101].…”

Section: The Origin Of Reinforcement: Nano-structured and Nano-fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This conclusion was drawn also by determining the dependence of the Young modulus (obtained from stress-strain curves) on the OC concentration, in a SBR matrix (with Nanomer I.42E from Nanocor as OC) [100] or in an isoprene rubber matrix (OC was Mt/2HT), either synthetic [67] or naturally occurring [101]. The excess of the Young modulus was plotted versus the filler fraction [102], determining the percolation threshold, that was: 2.7 vol % in SBR [100], 2.9 vol % in IR [67] and 4 vol % in NR [101]. The excess modulus scales with a power law with an exponent between 1.8 and 2.5 above the percolation threshold, lower with respect to the one typical of carbon black (about 4).…”

Section: The Origin Of Reinforcement: Nano-structured and Nano-fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rubber Clay Nanocomposites

Galimberti¹

2012

Advanced Elastomers - Technology, Properties and Applications

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Section: The Origin Of Reinforcement: Nano-structured and Nano-fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Origin Of Reinforcement: Nano-structured and Nano-fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber Clay Nanocomposites

Galimberti¹

2012

Advanced Elastomers - Technology, Properties and Applications

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“…The preparation and the recipe of NR-based nanocomposites, kindly prepared and supplied by Pirelli SpA (Milan, Italy), were published in ref. [5][6][7]. The sulphur-cured EPDM rubber was filled with different amounts of CB N550 type.…”

Section: Experimental 21 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture resistance of rubbers with MWCNT, organoclay, silica and carbon black fillers as assessed by the J-integral: Effects of rubber type and filler concentration

Agnelli

Ramorino²,

Passera³

et al. 2012

Express Polym. Lett.

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The fracture resistance of different rubbers containing various nanofillers, such as multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), organoclay, silica and carbon black (CB), was determined by the J-integral making use of the single edge notched tensile loaded (SEN-T) single specimen approach. The elastomeric matrices were natural (NR), ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) and hydrogenated nitrile rubbers (HNBR). Moreover, the strain softening (Payne effect) of selected rubbers with 30 part per hundred rubber (phr) filler content was also investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) in shear mode. DMTA results indicated that the Payne effect follows the ranking: MWCNT(fibrous)>organoclay(platy)> silica(spherical). J-resistance (J(R)) curves were constructed by plotting the J value as a function of the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD star), monitored during loading. CTOD star = 0.1 mm was considered as crack initiation threshold and thus assigned to the critical value J(Ic). J(Ic) increased with increasing filler loading, whereby MWCNT outperformed both silica and CB. On the other hand, J(Ic) did not change with filler loading for the NR/organoclay systems that was traced to strain-induced crystallization effect in NR. The tearing modulus (T-J) also increased with increasing filler loading. The related increase strongly depended on both rubber and filler types. Nonetheless, the most prominent improvement in T-J among the fillers studied was noticed for the fibrous MWCNT

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“…The interlayer spacing and dispersion of the organo-MMT are greatly affected by polar forces between the organoclay and the polymeric matrix material. The layered silicates dispersed at the nanosized level are reported to provide an effective reinforcement to synthetic and natural rubber materials [25][26][27]. There are very important studies on the preparation and properties of rubber/clay nanocomposites, especially by means of a conventional rubber compounding process.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomers/Plasticizer - Compatibilizer/Organoclay Nanocomposites by Reactive Extrusion System

Ad¹,

Mor²,

Erdoğan³

2017

Chem Sci J

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Polymer layered silicate nano-composites were prepared in melt by reactive extrusion (25:1 21 mm Rondol twinscrew compounding line) using poly(ethylene-co-propylene-co-ethylidenenorbornene) terpolymer (EPDM) as a matrx polymer, PP-g-MA and poly[(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene)-g-PEO (poly(MA-alt-OD)-g-PEO) as functionalized polymer compatibilizer-internal plasticizer, octadecyl amine-montmorillonite (ODA-MMT) and dimethyldidodecyl ammonium -MMT (DMDA-MMT) as reactive and non-reactive nano-fillers, respectively. The formation of nano structural fragments, polymer blend composition-properties (thermal behavior and morphology) was studied using FTIR, XRD, TGA-DTG and DSC analysis methods. It was found that intercalation/exfoliation degree of EPDM macromolecules significantly depends on the origin and content of organoclays. Better results were obtained for nanocomposites prepared in the presence of reactive organo-filler (ODA-MMT) and PEO grafted alternating copolymer. The results of FTIR (chemical structure) and XRD (physical structure and exfoliation degree) analyses indicate that amidization of anhydride copolymer with alkyl amine groups of organo-filler and esterification of alternating copolymer with α -hydroxy-ω -methoxy-PEO occur in melt compounding in situ processing in the chosen extrusion conditions (barrel temperature: 120, 130, 140 and 145°C, twin-screw speed around 30-40 mrp). The glass-transition (Tg), melting (Tm) and recrystallization (Tc) temperatures strongly depend on the origin and content of organoclay and PEO-grafted copolymer-compatibilizer, respectively. Thermal behavior, crystallinity and thermostability of nanocomposites were significantly improved as compared with pristine EPDM terpolymer.

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Mechanical reinforcement in natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

Cited by 102 publications

References 27 publications

Rubber Clay Nanocomposites

Rubber Clay Nanocomposites

Fracture resistance of rubbers with MWCNT, organoclay, silica and carbon black fillers as assessed by the J-integral: Effects of rubber type and filler concentration

Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomers/Plasticizer - Compatibilizer/Organoclay Nanocomposites by Reactive Extrusion System

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