Mechanical property measurements of heterogeneous materials by selective nanoindentation: Application to LiMn2O4 cathode

Amanieu, Hugues-Yanis; Rosato, Daniele; Sebastiani, Marco; Massimi, Federico; Lupascu, Doru C.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2013.11.044

Cited by 59 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Ulm et al [10,11] used statistical deconvolution of indentation grids in order to extract properties of each phase. In this paper, selective nanoindentation is used, where indentation tests are selected depending on how well they respect the hypotheses used in the Oliver and Pharr method [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of commercial LixMn2O4 cathode under different States of Charge

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of commercial LixMn2O4 cathode under different States of Charge

et al. 2015

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“…Electrode degradation includes growth of films on top of electrodes (electrolyte decomposition 16,18,26,28,40,122 or Li deposition 25,45,72 ), clogging of pores of electrodes or the separator, 37 delamination of the separator, 42,95 cracks in the electrode coating 32,42,223 or deformation of electrodes or separator. 9,14,32 Material degradation involves particle cracks, 42,74,75,129,130 exfoliation, 37 changes at particle surfaces, 37,158 film formation on particles, 37,271 dissolution/migration of transition metals, 36,37,272 electrolyte degradation, 175,228,229 or closing of separator pores (e.g. by applied pressure).…”

Section: Combination Of Methods For Full Characterization Of Aging Mementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a visible surface film was reported after prolonged cycling on top of LiCoO 2 , it has not been possible to relate it with a clear degradation mechanism. 34 On the other hand, mechanical stress [126][127][128] ) unless CC License in place (see abstract 42,74,75,129,130 Additionally to aging mechanisms involving the electrode materials, degradation of other cell components such as corrosion of Al current collectors [131][132][133] and pore-closure 14,134,135 or melting 64 of separators are observable by SEM.…”

Section: 121mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Post-Mortem Analysis of Aged Lithium-Ion Batteries: Disassembly Methodology and Physico-Chemical Analysis Techniques

Waldmann

Iturrondobeitia

Kasper

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

230

149

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Improvement of life-time is an important issue in the development of Li-ion batteries. Aging mechanisms limiting the life-time can efficiently be characterized by physico-chemical analysis of aged cells with a variety of complementary methods. This study reviews the state-of-the-art literature on Post-Mortem analysis of Li-ion cells, including disassembly methodology as well as physicochemical characterization methods for battery materials. A detailed scheme for Post-Mortem analysis is deduced from literature, including pre-inspection, conditions and safe environment for disassembly of cells, as well as separation and post-processing of components. Special attention is paid to the characterization of aged materials including anodes, cathodes, separators, and electrolyte. More specifically, microscopy, chemical methods sensitive to electrode surfaces or to electrode bulk, and electrolyte analysis are reviewed in detail. The techniques are complemented by electrochemical measurements using reconstruction methods for electrodes built into half and full cells with reference electrode. The changes happening to the materials during aging as well as abilities of the reviewed analysis methods to observe them are critically discussed. Li-ion batteries are currently used in everyday objects such as smart-phones, power tools and tablet computers as well as in the growing fields of light electric vehicles (LEVs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). [1][2][3][4] Furthermore, the rise of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, which are only intermittently available, demands reliable and highly flexible stationary energy storage solutions, which provide high capacities and predictable life-times. 2,5Aging of Li-ion batteries is a general problem for manufacturers as they have to guarantee long-term reliability of their products. For state-of-the-art cells, degradation effects on the material level lead to capacity fade and resistance increase on the cell level. The aging state of a battery is often characterized by the state-of-health (SOH) in % according to 3,16,22,[29][30][31] SO H(t) = discharge capacity (t) discharge capacity (t = 0)[1]where t represents the aging time. In general, one has to differentiate between cycling 7,16,18,21,[23][24][25]32 and calendar aging. 7,19,[21][22][23][24]27 Since commercial Li-ion cells can be subject to calendar aging in the time between manufacturing and delivery, it is good practice to measure the discharge capacity at t = 0 for each cell that undergoes an aging test. Since the discharge capacity depends mainly on temperature, depth-of-discharge (DOD), and discharge current, the SOH is usually monitored by regular check-ups with defined parameter sets, 7,16,21,23,24 which can vary depending on the application. Typically, a temperature of 25• C, 16,22,24 DOD of 100%, 16,21 and discharge rates of 1C 7,16,21,22,24 or lower 23 are used in check-ups. The performance dec...

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“…The whole procedure is thoroughly detailed elsewhere. 21 ESM measurements were performed using a commercial AFM (Solver Next, NT-MDT, Russia) working at room temperature under ambient conditions. LiMn 2 O 4 cathode samples were grounded via the Al current collector serving as a counter electrode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical strain microscopy time spectroscopy: Model and experiment on LiMn2O4

Amanieu

Thai

Luchkin

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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Electrochemical Strain Microscopy (ESM) can provide useful information on ionic diffusion in solids at the local scale. In this work, a finite element model of ESM measurements was developed and applied to commercial lithium manganese (III,IV) oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ) particles. ESM time spectroscopy was used, where a direct current (DC) voltage pulse locally disturbs the spatial distribution of mobile ions. After the pulse is off, the ions return to equilibrium at a rate which depends on the Li diffusivity in the material. At each stage, Li diffusivity is monitored by measuring the ESM response to a small alternative current (AC) voltage simultaneously applied to the tip. The model separates two different mechanisms, one linked to the response to DC bias and another one related to the AC excitation. It is argued that the second one is not diffusiondriven but is rather a contribution of the sum of several mechanisms with at least one depending on the lithium ion concentration explaining the relaxation process. With proper fitting of this decay, diffusion coefficients of lithium hosts could be extracted. Additionally, the effect of phase transition in LiMn 2 O 4 is taken into account, explaining some experimental observations. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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Mechanical property measurements of heterogeneous materials by selective nanoindentation: Application to LiMn2O4 cathode

Cited by 59 publications

References 25 publications

Mechanical properties of commercial LixMn2O4 cathode under different States of Charge

Mechanical properties of commercial LixMn2O4 cathode under different States of Charge

Review—Post-Mortem Analysis of Aged Lithium-Ion Batteries: Disassembly Methodology and Physico-Chemical Analysis Techniques

Electrochemical strain microscopy time spectroscopy: Model and experiment on LiMn2O4

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