Mechanical properties up to 1100°C of Al2O3–MgO-extruded graphite pellets castables reinforced with steel fibres

In depth studies on cementitious nanocoatings on graphite for its contribution in corrosion resistance of alumina based refractory composite

“…The pitfalls of using graphites in castable, however, are their low water-wettability and poor oxidation resistance which result in more water consumption with a less homogeneous and porous refractory. Several ingenious methods are therefore being attempted to address all these requirements and materialize graphite retention in refractories for longer duration at extreme environments [12][13][14].…”

Effect of surface‐treated graphites on the properties of carbon‐containing monolithic refractory materials—A comprehensive comparison

“…To cope up with these practical problems, the graphite surface has been modified by various methods such as sol‐gel, pelletization, molten salt synthesis, etc . The present author opted for cost‐competent thin sol‐gel coating on graphite and obtained a threefold benefit from this novel material.…”

“…To cope up with these practical problems, the graphite surface has been modified by various methods such as solgel, pelletization, molten salt synthesis, etc. [4][5][6] The present author opted for cost-competent thin sol-gel coating on graphite [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and obtained a threefold benefit from this novel material. Firstly, the hydrophilic nanostructured coating demanded much less water; secondly, the coating improved the service life of individual graphite flakes in the high temperature of the furnace.…”

Reasons for crack propagation and strength loss in refractory castables based on changes in their chemical compositions and micromorphologies with heating: special focus on the large blocks

“…In addition to PP fibers, metal powders (particularly aluminum) with or without PP fibers can also be used to create permeability in dense castables. Aluminum powder reacts with water at ambient temperature in accordance to Equation (12) and produces hydrogen gas. When escaping from the green body, this gas creates small pores that enable steam to leave the castable during the drying process.…”

“…microcracks, pores, flaws, grain boundaries, and impurities), as well as the growth of these defects in the concrete structure usually lead to failure stresses and sometimes cause strength loss. Thus, when such refractory concretes are subjected to a mechanical load, thermal shock (sudden temperature change), corrosion, wear, abrasion, slag, or molten metal, these defects grow to reach critical levels and ultimately cause breakage in the body [7,11,12]. Monolithic refractories, on the other hand, are known as homogeneous isotropic materials containing randomly oriented micro-cracks which are uniformly distributed.…”