Mechanical properties of wood/plastic composites formed using wood flour produced by wet ball-milling under various milling times and drying methods

Murayama, Kazushige; Ueno, Takako; Kobori, Hikaru; Kojima, Yoshiyuki; Suzuki, Shuichi; Aoki, Kenji; Ito, Hirokazu; Ogoe, Shinji; Okamoto, Masaki

doi:10.1186/s10086-019-1788-2

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It has often been reported in the literature that the properties of WPCs/NFPCs depend strongly on their composition and manufacturing techniques [78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. In every study shown in Table 1, different base/reference materials are considered; therefore, we may expect variations in the properties observed.…”

Section: Improvement Of Wpc/nfpc Performance By the Addition Of Carbo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriching WPCs and NFPCs with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene

et al. 2022

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, with their unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and wettability properties, are very effective fillers for many types of composites. Recently, a number of studies have shown that CNTs and graphene may be integrated into wood–plastic composites (WPCs) and natural-fibre-reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) to improve the existing performance of the WPCs/NFPCs as well as enabling their use in completely new areas of engineering. The following review analyses the results of the studies presented to date, from which it can be seen that that inclusion of CNTs/graphene may indeed improve the mechanical properties of the WPCs/NFPCs, while increasing their thermal conductivity, making them electroconductive, more photostable, less sensitive to water absorption, less flammable, and more thermally stable. This study indicates that the composition and methods of manufacturing of hybrid WPCs/NFPCs vary significantly between the samples, with a consequent impact on the level of improvement of specific properties. This review also shows that the incorporation of CNTs/graphene may enable new applications of WPCs/NFPCs, such as solar thermal energy storage devices, electromagnetic shielding, antistatic packaging, sensors, and heaters. Finally, this paper recognises key challenges in the study area, and proposes future work.

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Section: Improvement Of Wpc/nfpc Performance By the Addition Of Carbo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriching WPCs and NFPCs with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene

et al. 2022

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“…The ratio of the weight of WF, PP, and MAPP in the compound was 25:74:1, respectively. This ratio of the weight was same as previous research and it was applied to avoid the interaction between WF itself [16]. The WPC compound (PP and MAPP) were mixed by a kneader under 190 °C with 30 rpm for 3 min.…”

Section: Manufacture Of Wpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of wood particle size distribution on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composite

et al. 2019

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Commercial wood flour of pine (Pinus densiflora) was used as an experimental material. It was milled with different milling times 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 120 min to investigate the effect of their particle size distribution on the mechanical properties of the wood-plastic composite. Two kinds of drying conditions, 7 days of freeze-drying at a temperature of −45 °C and heat drying (80 °C) for 24 h were applied. Polypropylene and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene were used as a matrix and the compatibilizer of the wood-plastic composite compound, respectively. Particle size analysis showed that an increase in the time of ball milling decreased the wood flour size. However, an excessive milling period of time longer than 40 min corresponded to an increase in the amount of aggregation. Scanning electron microscope images showed the existence of aggregation for the wood flour with 120 min of wet milling time. As the particle size decreased, mechanical properties of wood-plastic composite increased for up to 30 min of wet milling time and then slightly decreased. This behavior might be due to aggregation. The optimum mechanical property was obtained at 30 min of wet milling time under freeze-drying conditions.

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“…For this reason, the development of composites with BioPE polymeric matrix is of great importance, due to the potential for technological application and the reduction of environmental impacts [18]. There are works in the literature on polyethylene composites reinforced with jute [19,20], curauá [21], sisal [22,23], coconut ber [24,25], cotton [26], rice husk [27] and wood powder [28,29], suggesting good mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Waste to Reuse: Manufacture of Ecological Composites Based on Biopolyethylene/wood Powder with PE-g-MA and Macaíba Oil

et al. 2021

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This work aimed to investigate the biopolyethylene (BioPE)/wood powder (WP) composites compatibilized with polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), using macaíba oil (OM) as a processing aid. The composites were prepared, initially, in an internal mixer and, later, the crushed akes were molded by injection. Mechanical properties (impact, tensile, exural and Shore D hardness), heat de ection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening temperature, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), water absorption, torque rheometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were evaluated. The addition of 30% wood powder to the BioPE matrix increased the elastic modulus (tensile and exural), Shore D hardness and heat de ection temperature (HDT), compared to neat BioPE. These properties were improved when 10% of the PE-g-MA compatibilizer was added, compared to neat BioPE and the non-compatibilized composite. There was a signi cant reduction in the torque of the composites with the addition of macaíba oil, indicating that it improved the processability. In addition, the incorporation of macaíba oil into the composites helped to reduce water absorption, as well as to increase impact strength. SEM micrographs illustrated a greater degree of interfacial adhesion when PEg-MA and macaiba oil were added.

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Mechanical properties of wood/plastic composites formed using wood flour produced by wet ball-milling under various milling times and drying methods

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Enriching WPCs and NFPCs with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene

Enriching WPCs and NFPCs with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene

The effect of wood particle size distribution on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composite

From Waste to Reuse: Manufacture of Ecological Composites Based on Biopolyethylene/wood Powder with PE-g-MA and Macaíba Oil

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