Mechanical properties of the rust layer induced by impressed current method in reinforced mortar

Enhancing sustainability of household water filters by mixing metallic iron with porous materials

“…Depending on the nature of iron oxyhydroxide, a volumetric expansion of up to 6.4 has been reported [28]. In other words, an iron oxyhydroxide molecule may occupy a volume up to 6.4 times the volume of atomic Fe in the lattice structure.…”

“…12 months). Due to the volumetric expansive nature of iron corrosion [26][27][28][29], designing iron filters with long-term adequate permeability is a challenge for the scientific community [30].…”

An experimental and numerical study of the pattern of cracking of concrete due to steel reinforcement corrosion

“…The expansion factor f} was taken to be 1.0, as found in the literature [1,2,21], although other studies consider a greater expansion of the oxide [22,23]. For the normal stiffness, a wide range of values are found in the literature: in [2], the bulk modulus of the oxide was taken to be of the same order of magnitude as the bulk modulus of water (around 2 GPa); in [23,24] the elastic modulus was estimated from a combination of analytical models and experiments in which the radial displacement in concrete was measured by image correlation techniques; the values obtained in these two studies are, however, very different: an elastic modulus of 0.14 GPa is reported in [23] for an assumed Poisson's ratio of the rust of 0.2, while the values of the elastic modulus reported in [24] range between 2 and 20 GPa, and no reference to Poisson's ratio was made by the authors. In the present paper, a fluid-like behavior is assumed, similar to that proposed by Molina, Alonso and Andrade in [2], with bulk modulus of rust of 2 GPa, and a vanishing small shear modulus; a few calculations were also run with bulk modulus equal to 0.2 GPa, and to 20 GPa, to test the sensitivity of the results to large variations of this parameter (see Section A for the details).…”

Spatial distribution of crystalline corrosion products formed during corrosion of stainless steel in concrete

“…The resulting volume expansion during the buildup of corrosion products creates radial pressure at the steel/concrete interface, leading to concrete cracking and delaminating, and eventually structural instability and failure [3]. Models that consider the radial pressure at the interface between the cement matrix and reinforcing steel -which leads to tensile stresses greater than the concrete tensile strength and thus cracking -take into account properties of concrete (e.g., residual compressive and tensile strength, stiffness, modulus of elasticity) and properties of corrosion products (e.g., rate of formation, depth of penetration into the matrix, volume, and morphology of corrosion products) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Due to the critical role that corrosion products play in understanding the propagation of corrosion, cracking and the eventual failure of concrete, several comprehensive studies were performed to characterize the different iron oxides and iron oxide-hydroxides that form during corrosion of carbon steel reinforcement [13][14][15][16][17] and weathering steels [12,18,19].…”