Mechanical properties of the human lumbar anterior longitudinal ligament

Neumann, P; Keller, Tony S.; Ekström, Lars; Perry, Larry; Hansson, Tommy; Spengler, Dan M.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(92)90074-b

Cited by 73 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As mentioned previously, ligament properties strengthen to about age 20, followed by a decrease in strength and stiffness (Cowin et al, 2007). It has also been shown in prior studies that mechanical properties of the cervical spine decrease with increasing age of specimens (Neumann et al, 1992;Tkaczuk, 1968;Nachemson et al, 1968).…”

Section: Age Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Significant discrepancies between previous studies comparing lumbar ALL failure forces have been attributed to age differences (Neumann et al, 1992). Neumann et al (1992) reported average failure forces of 1060 (304) N (specimens aged 21 to 43), Chazal et al (1985) reported forces of 511 (47) N (ages 63 to 80), and Pintar et al (1986) reported forces 444 (267) N (mean age 67).…”

Section: Age Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This data has provided an excellent background on cervical spine ligament behavior. However, it has been shown that mechanical properties of the spine deteriorate with increasing age Cowin et al, 2007;Neumann et al, 1992;Iida et al, 2002;Tkaczuk, 1968;Nachemson et al, 1968), and existing ligament data has only been reported from cadaver specimens ranging from the youngest of 55 ±5 years (Chazal et al, 1985) to the oldest of 81 ±11 years (Ivancic et al, 2007).…”

Section: Motivation For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neumann et al (1992) reported average failure forces of 1060 (304) N (specimens aged 21 to 43), Chazal et al (1985) reported forces of 511 (47) N (ages 63 to 80), and Pintar et al (1986) reported forces 444 (267) N (mean age 67). Forces were shown to decrease by over 50% with an average age increase of 35 years.…”

Section: Age Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of pins to secure vertebral structures in ALL lumbar testing has been shown to account for up to 40% of the specimen strain when comparing values between crosshead deformations and image captured marker strains on the ligament surface, due to localized strains at the pin insertion sites (Neumann et al, 1992).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain rate dependent properties of younger human cervical spine ligaments

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et al. 2012

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Section: Age Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Age Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Motivation For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Age Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Strain rate dependent properties of younger human cervical spine ligaments

Mattucci

Moulton

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et al. 2012

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Ligament and Tendon, Properties of

Azangwe¹,

Aspden²

2006

Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation

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First, this article considers the components of the tissue, not from a biochemical point of view, but as components that may be combined to produce mechanically stable materials. The constituents are considered in terms of the matrix in which are embedded fibers of collagen and varying amounts of elastin. Following this is a discussion of the ways these components interact in ligaments and tendons to yield composite materials with the required mechanical properties. A consideration of some of the ways in which ligaments and tendons may be damaged, and the mechanisms by which they might recover or be repaired, leads to a final, brief review of their surgical replacement. A small section on work being conducted in order to produce a tissue engineered ligament and tendon is also included.

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Aging, vertebral density, and disc degeneration alter the tensile stress‐strain characteristics of the human anterior longitudinal ligament

Neumann

Ekström

Keller

et al. 1994

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The mechanical properties of the human lumbar anterior longitudinal ligament were investigated, and the influence of aging, disc degeneration, and vertebral bone density on these properties was determined. Tensile mechanical properties of the vertebra-anterior longitudinal ligament-vertebra complex were determined for 16 segments from cadavera of individuals who had been 21-79 years old (mean, 52.1 years) at the time of death. Regional strain patterns associated with three sites across the width and three sites along the length of the anterior longitudinal ligament were measured with use of a video-based motion analysis system. In the young, normal anterior longitudinal ligament, the elastic moduli of the insertion and substance regions of the ligament were similar (approximately 500 MPa). During aging (21-79 years), the elastic modulus of the substance region increased 2-fold, whereas the elastic modulus of the insertion decreased 3-fold; this resulted in an approximately 5-fold difference in elastic modulus between these regions in the older spine. The strength of the bone-ligament complex decreased approximately 2-fold (from 29 to 13 MPa) over this same age range. The outer portion of the anterior longitudinal ligament consistently had the highest peak tensile strains (11.8 +/- 2.7%) in all of the specimens examined. Preparations with nondegenerated discs and high bone density were significantly stronger (66%) and failed in the ligament substance; in contrast, segments from older individuals with degenerated discs and lower bone density failed in the ligament insertion regions.

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Mechanical properties of the human lumbar anterior longitudinal ligament

Cited by 73 publications

References 15 publications

Strain rate dependent properties of younger human cervical spine ligaments

Strain rate dependent properties of younger human cervical spine ligaments

Ligament and Tendon, Properties of

Aging, vertebral density, and disc degeneration alter the tensile stress‐strain characteristics of the human anterior longitudinal ligament

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