Mechanical properties of the esophageal wall

Goyal, Raj K.; Biancani, Piero; Phillips, Aris; Spiro, Howard M.

doi:10.1172/jci106630

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Pressure-diameter curves were also obtained for the esophagus and the LES in the isolated but in situ preparation of the esophagus described previously (13). In this preparation, the rats were anesthetized and the esophagus was exposed after removing the heart, lungs, and other mediastinal structures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of Sphincter Action. STUDIES ON THE LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER

Biancani¹,

Goyal²,

Phillips³

et al. 1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical factors involved in the genesis of lower esophageal sphincter pressure. We determined the relationship between intraluminal pressure and inside diameter, estimated the ratio between the wall thickness to inside radius, and calculated the tension in the wall of the lower esophageal sphincter as a function of the inside diameter. Various degrees of circumferential stretch were applied by introducing probes of different diameters in the rat lower esophageal sphincter in vivo. The intraluminal pressure produced by the lower esophageal sphincter around each probe was measured and pressure-diameter curves were constructed during (a) resting state, (b)-contraction produced by electrical stimulation, and (c) relaxation produced by esophageal distension. The intraluminal pressure at an inside diameter of 0.5 mm was similar to that at inside diameter of 3.2 mm. This was true for the sphincter at rest as well as upon electrical stimulation. The pressure diameter curve, however, was sigmoid in shape; at first it showed a decline and then an increase followed by decline in pressure again with increasing diameters. The ratio of wall thickness to inside radius or the magnification factor varied with inside diameters as expected and this ratio increased steeply at small inside diameters. The tension diameter curves of the sphincter muscle showed that optimal tension development occurred not near sphincter closure but at a much wider diameter of 3.2 mm and that this muscle developed tension even at small luminal diameters. This behavior of the sphincter muscle ensures effective intraluminal pressure over a wide range of luminal diameters.Dr. Goyal's present address is the

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of Sphincter Action. STUDIES ON THE LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER

Biancani¹,

Goyal²,

Phillips³

et al. 1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The experimental study of the rat [12] also demonstrated that the mucosal contribution to the strength of the esophagus was negligible until the outer diameter of the esophagus was almost doubled. When the esophagus was dilated to near its failure diameter (3 times the resting diameter), the mucosa was responsible for more of the tensile strength of the esophagus than the muscular layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…There has been one report in animals relating the size of the esophagus at resting pressures to the size of the esophagus at its point of napture [12]. The esophagus of the rat increased from a resting diameter of 1.7 mm to an average of 5 mm before rupture occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment of post-operative and peptic esophageal strictures after esophageal atresia repair

et al. 1987

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Nine patients, 6 weeks to 17 years of age with esophageal atresia (EA), developed esophageal strictures and were treated with 26 balloon catheter dilatations over a period of 3 years; 6 are now asymptomatic. Five of the 9 patients had suspected reflux esophagitis, confirmed in 3 by biopsy and treated medically prior to dilatation. Seven of the 9 patients had a primary anastomosis, 1 a gastric tube, and 1 a colonic interposition. Most dilatations in the group of 7 were performed with balloon (B) greater than or equal to the diameter of the distal esophagus (E) (B/E greater than or equal to 1). The 3 residually symptomatic patients include an infant dilated conservatively (B/E less than 1) to facilitate later bouginage, 1 patient with a recurrent stricture after stopping medical therapy and home bouginage, and 1 infant who had a persistent anastomotic stricture, suspected but untreated reflux esophagitis, and a perforation during the second balloon dilatation. Balloon catheter esophageal dilatation, as an alternative to bouginage, is usually a safe and effective procedure when reflux esophagitis is diagnosed and treated prior to dilatation.

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“…After the creep step, the sample was deflated. In total, 16 inflation tests were performed on each experimental sample according to different inflated top pressures, such as 4, 6,8,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38,46, 54, 62, 70 and 78 mmHg. The pressure range of experimentations, such as 4-78 mmHg, and the pressure rate were identified by preliminary inflation tests that were developed on further colon samples.…”

Section: Experimental Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,15,16 Otherwise, tests can be developed at the structure level, as mechanical tests that are performed on tubular segments from a specific gastrointestinal region, as inflation tests. [17][18][19][20] The achieved data provide information about the overall structural response of the gastrointestinal region. In detail, results from such experimental activities make it possible to evaluate the actual elasticity and visco-elasticity of the gastrointestinal region, accounting for the real conformation of tissues, the fibres' contribution and the pre-stress conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the structural behaviour of colonic segments by inflation tests: Experimental activity and physio-mechanical model

Carniel

Mencattelli

Bonsignori

et al. 2015

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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A coupled experimental and computational approach is provided for the identification of the structural behaviour of gastrointestinal regions, accounting for both elastic and visco-elastic properties. The developed procedure is applied to characterize the mechanics of gastrointestinal samples from pig colons. Experimental data about the structural behaviour of colonic segments are provided by inflation tests. Different inflation processes are performed according to progressively increasing top pressure conditions. Each inflation test consists of an air in-flow, according to an almost constant increasing pressure rate, such as 3.5 mmHg/s, up to a prescribed top pressure, which is held constant for about 300 s to allow the development of creep phenomena. Different tests are interspersed by 600 s of rest to allow the recovery of the tissues' mechanical condition. Data from structural tests are post-processed by a physio-mechanical model in order to identify the mechanical parameters that interpret both the non-linear elastic behaviour of the sample, as the instantaneous pressure-stretch trend, and the time-dependent response, as the stretch increase during the creep processes. The parameters are identified by minimizing the discrepancy between experimental and model results. Different sets of parameters are evaluated for different specimens from different pigs. A statistical analysis is performed to evaluate the distribution of the parameters and to assess the reliability of the experimental and computational activities.

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Mechanical properties of the esophageal wall

Cited by 50 publications

References 22 publications

Mechanics of Sphincter Action. STUDIES ON THE LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER

Mechanics of Sphincter Action. STUDIES ON THE LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER

The treatment of post-operative and peptic esophageal strictures after esophageal atresia repair

Analysis of the structural behaviour of colonic segments by inflation tests: Experimental activity and physio-mechanical model

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