Mechanical Properties of the Composite Material consisting of β-TCP and Alginate-Di-Aldehyde-Gelatin Hydrogel and Its Degradation Behavior

Seidenstuecker, Michael; Schmeichel, Thomas; Ritschl, Lucas; Vinke, Johannes; Schilling, Pia; Schmal, Hagen; Bernstein, Anke

doi:10.3390/ma14051303

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the 3D-printed scaffolds were more compressive than the microporous β-TCP sintered ceramics, with a compressive strength of 24.16 ± 4.44 MPa. Similar values have already been determined in previous studies [22,30,40]. Miyamoto et al [41] achieved a compressive strength of 4-10 MPa with their CPC scaffolds.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 87%

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About the Mechanical Strength of Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds

Bertrand

Zankovic

Vinke

et al. 2023

Designs

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For the treatment of bone defects, biodegradable, compressive biomaterials are needed as replacements that degrade as the bone regenerates. The problem with existing materials has either been their insufficient mechanical strength or the excessive differences in their elastic modulus, leading to stress shielding and eventual failure. In this study, the compressive strength of CPC ceramics (with a layer thickness of more than 12 layers) was compared with sintered β-TCP ceramics. It was assumed that as the number of layers increased, the mechanical strength of 3D-printed scaffolds would increase toward the value of sintered ceramics. In addition, the influence of the needle inner diameter on the mechanical strength was investigated. Circular scaffolds with 20, 25, 30, and 45 layers were 3D printed using a 3D bioplotter, solidified in a water-saturated atmosphere for 3 days, and then tested for compressive strength together with a β-TCP sintered ceramic using a Zwick universal testing machine. The 3D-printed scaffolds had a compressive strength of 41.56 ± 7.12 MPa, which was significantly higher than that of the sintered ceramic (24.16 ± 4.44 MPa). The 3D-printed scaffolds with round geometry reached or exceeded the upper limit of the compressive strength of cancellous bone toward substantia compacta. In addition, CPC scaffolds exhibited more bone-like compressibility than the comparable β-TCP sintered ceramic, demonstrating that the mechanical properties of CPC scaffolds are more similar to bone than sintered β-TCP ceramics.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The β-TCP ceramics used in this work were produced according to our specifications by the Robert Mathys Foundation (RMS) [11,22,23,30]. In this process, 20 g of tricalcium phosphate (Art.…”

Section: β-Tcp Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

About the Mechanical Strength of Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds

Bertrand

Zankovic

Vinke

et al. 2023

Designs

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“…A balance between good biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical strength must be found. The maximum failure load was 29 ± 9.0 N for the commercially available Curasan β-TCP ceramic [38], 693 ± 85 N for the Curasan cube, which served as a control, and 2641 ± 452 N for the hybrid foam. The hybrid's failure load was 91 times higher than the commercially available Curasan ceramic and four times higher than the control.…”

Section: Microstructural and Mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Stable β-TCP Structural Hybrid Scaffolds for Potential Bone Replacement

et al. 2021

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The authors report on the manufacturing of mechanically stable β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) structural hybrid scaffolds via the combination of additive manufacturing (CerAM VPP) and Freeze Foaming for engineering a potential bone replacement. In the first step, load bearing support structures were designed via FE simulation and 3D printed by CerAM VPP. In the second step, structures were foamed-in with a porous and degradable calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic that mimics porous spongiosa. For this purpose, Fraunhofer IKTS used a process known as Freeze Foaming, which allows the foaming of any powdery material and the foaming-in into near-net-shape structures. Using a joint heat treatment, both structural components fused to form a structural hybrid. This bone construct had a 25-fold increased compressive strength compared to the pure CaP Freeze Foam and excellent biocompatibility with human osteoblastic MG-63 cells when compared to a bone grafting Curasan material for benchmark.

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“…β-TCP ceramics produced with this method were analyzed in other works using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and were found to have a mean pore diameter of 4.8 ± 1.2 µm [ 32 ] or an average pore radius of 2.1 ± 0.3 µm [ 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model approach to show that monocytes can enter microporous β-TCP ceramics

Waldmann,

Bohner,

et al. 2024

BMC Biotechnol

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Abstractβ-TCP ceramics are versatile bone substitute materials and show many interactions with cells of the monocyte-macrophage-lineage. The possibility of monocytes entering microporous β-TCP ceramics has however not yet been researched. In this study, we used a model approach to investigate whether monocytes might enter β-TCP, providing a possible explanation for the origin of CD68-positive osteoclast-like giant cells found in earlier works.We used flow chambers to unidirectionally load BC, PRP, or PPP into slice models of either 2 mm or 6 mm β-TCP. Immunofluorescence for CD68 and live/dead staining was performed after the loading process.Our results show that monocytes were present in a relevant number of PRP and BC slices representing the inside of our 2 mm slice model and also present on the actual inside of our 6 mm model. For PPP, monocytes were not found beyond the surface in either model.Our results indicate the possibility of a new and so far neglected constituent in β-TCP degradation, perhaps causing the process of ceramic degradation also starting from inside the ceramics as opposed to the current understanding. We also demonstrated flow chambers as a possible new in vitro model for interactions between blood and β-TCP.

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Mechanical Properties of the Composite Material consisting of β-TCP and Alginate-Di-Aldehyde-Gelatin Hydrogel and Its Degradation Behavior

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

About the Mechanical Strength of Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds

About the Mechanical Strength of Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds

Mechanically Stable β-TCP Structural Hybrid Scaffolds for Potential Bone Replacement

A model approach to show that monocytes can enter microporous β-TCP ceramics

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