Mechanical properties of the cat soleus muscle in situ

Murphy, Richard; Beardsley, AC

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.227.5.1008

Cited by 107 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…Where q is PCSA, m is muscle mass, l is FL and p is the density constant of muscle (1.0564 g/cm 3 ; Murphy and Beardsley, 1974). Previous studies (Perry and Wall, 2005;) also calculated reduced PCSA (RPCSA or RPCA)-a variable adopted from Anapol and Barry (1996) that takes into account pinnation angles to estimate PCSA perpendicular to the pull of the muscle vector.…”

Section: The Masticatory Muscle Architecture Of Felidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bite Force Estimation and the Fiber Architecture of Felid Masticatory Muscles

Hartstone‐Rose

Perry

Morrow

2012

The Anatomical Record

155

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Increasingly, analyses of craniodental dietary adaptations take into account mechanical properties of foods. However, masticatory muscle fiber architecture has been described for relatively few lineages, even though an understanding of the scaling of this anatomy can yield important information about adaptations for stretch and strength in the masticatory system. Data on the mandibular adductors of 28 specimens from nine species of felids representing nearly the entire body size range of the family allow us to evaluate the influence of body size and diet on the masticatory apparatus within this lineage. Masticatory muscle masses scale isometrically, tending toward positive allometry, with body mass and jaw length. This allometry becomes significant when the independent variable is a geometric mean of cranial variables. For all three body size proxies, the physiological cross-sectional area and predicted bite forces scale with significant positive allometry. Average fiber lengths (FL) tend toward negative allometry though with wide confidence intervals resulting from substantial scatter. We believe that these FL residuals are affected by dietary signals within the sample; though the mechanical properties of felid diets are relatively similar across species, the most durophagous species in our sample (the jaguar) appears to have relatively higher force production capabilities. The more notable dietary trend in our sample is the relationship between FL and relative prey size: felid species that predominantly consume relatively small prey have short masticatory muscle fibers, and species that regularly consume relatively large prey have relatively long fibers. This suggests an adaptive signal related to gape. Anat Rec, 295:1336Rec, 295: -1351

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Section: The Masticatory Muscle Architecture Of Felidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bite Force Estimation and the Fiber Architecture of Felid Masticatory Muscles

Hartstone‐Rose

Perry

Morrow

2012

The Anatomical Record

155

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“…where the specific density of muscle is 1.0564 gm/cm3 (Murphy and Beardsley, 1974). Because the fibers insert into the tendon at an angle to the direction that the whole muscle contracts, the "useful vector" is resolved by including cos Q in the calculation (Haxton, 1944;Gans, 1982).…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Architectural and histochemical diversity within the quadriceps femoris of the brown lemur (Lemur fulvus)

Anapol

Jungers

1986

American J Phys Anthropol

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Physiologically related features of muscle morphology are considered with regard to functional adaptation for locomotor and postural behavior in the brown lemur (Lemur fulvus). Reduced physiological cross-sectional area, estimated maximum excursion of the tendon of insertion, length of tendon per muscle fasciculus, and areal fiber type composition were examined in the quadriceps femoris in order to assess the extent of a "division of labor" among four apparent synergists. Each of these four muscles in this prosimian primate displays a distinguishing constellation of morphological features that implies functional specialization during posture and normal locomotion (walk/run, galloping, leaping). Vastus medialis is best suited for rapid whole muscle recruitment and may be reserved for relatively vigorous activities such as galloping and leaping (e.g., small cross-sectional area per mass, long excursion, predominance of fast-low oxidative fibers, relatively little tendon per fasciculus). In theory, rectus femoris could be employed isometrically in order to store elastic strain energy during all phasic activities (e.g., large cross-sectional area per mass, short excursion, predominance of fast-high oxidative fibers, large amount of tendon per fasciculus). Vastus intermedius exhibits an overall morphology indicative of a typical postural muscle (e.g., substantial cross-sectional area, short excursion, predominance of slow-high oxidative fibers, large amount of tendon per fasciculus). The construction of vastus lateralis reflects an adaptation for high force, relatively high velocity, and resistance to fatigue (e.g., large cross-sectional area, long excursion, most heterogeneous distribution of fiber types, large amount of tendon per fasciculus); this muscle is probably the primary contributor to a wide range of locomotor behaviors in lemurs. Marked dramatic architectural disparity among the four bellies, coupled with relative overall fiber type heterogeneity, suggests the potential for exceptional flexibility in muscle recruitment within this mass. One interpretation of this relatively complex neuromuscular organization in the brown lemur is that it represents an adaptation for the exploitation of a three-dimensional arboreal environment by rapid quadrupedalism and leaping among irregular and spatially disordered substrates.

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“…3a). In parallel-fibered skeletal muscles, cell length is quite uniform [13,45,52], and the effective cross-sectional area (cm2) can be estimated as muscle weight (g)/fiber length (cm) x density (g/cm3). With appropriate a P a rallel b P a rallel c S eries Fig.…”

Section: / Force Transmission In Smooth Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…corrections for the average nonaxial orientation of the fiber and any osmotic shifts of water [52], shortening velocity or force can be nor malized with respect to fiber length and cross-sectional area to permit comparisons between different muscles.…”

Section: / Force Transmission In Smooth Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Contractile System Function in Mammalian Smooth Muscle

Murphy¹

1976

J Vasc Res

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The literature on the classical mechanical properties of geometrically simple mammalian smooth muscle preparations is analyzed in an attempt to characterize the contractile system. Although the physiological behavior of smooth muscle is diverse, indices of contractile system function suggest there is considerable uniformity at this level. Compared to vertebrate striated muscles, smooth muscle tissues and possibly individual cells (i) often develop equal or greater maximum isometric force/cell cross-sectional area, with (ii) low and fairly uniform maximum shortening velocities, and (iii) operate over a range of lengths which may be no greater than the potential in striated muscle. Few details are known of filament structure, organization, interactions, and of force transmission in comparison with the extensive information on the contractile unit (sarcomere) for striated muscle. Consequently, tissue or cellular mechanical parameters may not be directly proportional to the output of the myofilamental contractile unit in smooth muscle. A sliding filament mechanism involving actin-myosin interactions qualitatively similar to those in striated muscle seems probable. However, there are important quantitative differences in the contractile apparatus which may be related to functional properties.

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Mechanical properties of the cat soleus muscle in situ

Cited by 107 publications

References 0 publications

Bite Force Estimation and the Fiber Architecture of Felid Masticatory Muscles

Bite Force Estimation and the Fiber Architecture of Felid Masticatory Muscles

Architectural and histochemical diversity within the quadriceps femoris of the brown lemur (Lemur fulvus)

Contractile System Function in Mammalian Smooth Muscle

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