Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete Containing Spent Garnet as Replacement for Fine Aggregate

Muttashar, Habeeb Lateef; Hussin, Mohd Warid; Ariffin, Mohd Azreen Mohd; Mirza, Jahangir; Hasanah, Nor; Shettima, Ali Umara

doi:10.11113/jt.v79.9957

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The major goal of this experimental study is to evaluate the potential of SG wastes, locally produced, as partial replacement of sand in a regular cement-based mortar. The research protocol is simple and in accordance to previous study in the topic [17][18][19][20][21]: a reference mix was proposed (R), followed by the relevant parametric variation, namely the sand partial substitution with SG wastes of two local sources (SGI, SGII). The natural, regular sand substitution was performed by weight and it ranged from 10% to 50%, with respect to the reference, in accordance to previous studies' classical approach.…”

Section: General Approach Of the Experimental Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on valorisation of spent garnets as addition in cementitious materials – preliminary experimental evaluation

Baeră

Chendes

Gruin

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) material processing represents a relatively new and extremely efficient method in the specific industries, implying various applicability areas, attributed to different materials, with different properties and domains of use. Besides numerous advantages of the AWJ cutting and generally of the material processing techniques, they also involve the waste generation: the abrasive sands are converted into sludge material, collected into recipients and further on, after natural drying, they become waste dumps randomly deserted. The enlargement of the AWJ techniques in the latest years determines the corresponding increase of the associated Garnet wastes (Spent Garnets, SG), thus leading towards the clear need of identifying opportunities for their recycling and valorisation. Aggregates are basic raw materials in the production of concrete, mortar and plasters, composite cementitious and/or cement-free materials (geopolymer concrete) in the building materials and generally, in the construction industry. The rapid growth of the population, recorded mainly in urban areas, determines an increasing demand on housing facilities and consequently, on concrete production and aggregates consumption. Aggregates and sand, mainly exploited from riverbeds or quarries, represent exhaustible natural resource for which substitution solutions need to be found, in order to control and reduce their extraction from the natural landscape. Considering the superposition of this independent cause and effect situations, the rapid growth of Spent Garnets (SG) landfills, generated by AWJ processes, and, on the other hand, the need to substitute the natural aggregate in construction industry, a reliable solution could emerge from the potential valorisation of SG wastes as partial or even complete substitution of sands / aggregates in the composition of construction materials. The present paper offers a preliminary overview regarding the possibility of incorporating SG wastes of local production in usual cement-based materials, as partial substitute of the aggregate, for the double purpose of waste management implementation and natural resources protection, on the transition path towards the implementing the Circular Economy (CE) concept in the Romanian industry.

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Section: General Approach Of the Experimental Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on valorisation of spent garnets as addition in cementitious materials – preliminary experimental evaluation

Baeră

Chendes

Gruin

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…The secondary formation of ettringite is detrimental because it induces the formation of cracks within the concrete. Ettringite formed probably because of dicalcium silicates that do not hydrate at initial hardening is trapped by sulphates and form ettringite after the concrete hardens (Shettima, 2017). Figure 4(a) illustrates the formation of a microcrack and void within the concrete along ettringite.…”

Section: Flexural Strength Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of spent garnet as a sand replacement in high-strength concrete exposed to high temperature

Kadir

Khiyon

Sam

et al. 2019

JSFE

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanical properties, material composition of spent garnet as a sand replacement in high-strength concrete at room and elevated temperatures. Bonding of the concrete containing spent garnet and reinforcing rebar is investigated. Moreover, the optimum thickness of concrete cover subjected to elevated temperatures is investigated. Design/methodology/approach First, the plain spent garnet was physically, chemically and thermally studied. Then, a series of concrete specimens with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 per cent of spent garnet were prepared to determine the optimum percentage of spent garnet. Finally, the physical and mechanical behaviours of concrete specimens and effects of cover thickness on steel rebar when subjected to elevated temperature of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C for 1 h were studied. It was observed that spent garnet was thermally stable compared to river sand. Findings Mechanical properties were found to be optimal for concrete with 40% spent garnet replacement. Physically, spent garnet concrete changed colour to brown at 400°C, and to whitish grey at 600°C. The residual compressive strength of spent garnet concrete was also found slightly higher than that for control specimens. At various high temperatures, the reduction in ultimate tensile stress for steel bar inside concrete cover of 30 mm was the lowest compared to that of 20 mm. Research limitations/implications Spalling effect it not considered in this study. Practical implications The optimum concrete cover is important issues in reinforced concrete design. This can be used as a guideline by structural designers when using a different type of concrete material in the construction. Social implications Utilization of the waste spent garnet reduces usage of natural aggregates in concrete production and enhances its performance at elevated temperatures. Natural aggregates are normally taken from sand and rock. The new innovation in concrete perhaps can produce light concrete, reduce the cost of concrete production and at the same time also mitigates environmental problems affect from waste material such as minimizing disposal area. Originality/value Utilization of spent garnet in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete at high temperature is a new innovation. It shows that the concrete cover of the concrete element reduced as compared to the OPC concrete. Reduce in weight concrete however the strength of concrete is similar to conventional concrete. This study at elevated temperature has never been performed by any previous researcher.

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“…After using it for multiple times for various purposes in the industry, it is thrown as waste and referred to as waste garnet sand/used garnet sand/SGS. SGS is disposed of as landfills and causing environmental damage (Muttashar et al , 2017). Hence, to reduce the usage of river sand in constructions, SGS and UFS may be used as alternatives in the concrete production (Siddique et al , 2009; Khiyon, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of spent garnet sand and used foundry sand as fine aggregate in concrete

Rajesh¹,

Raju

2021

WJE

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Purpose In the construction sector, river sand has turned into a costly material due to various reasons. In the current study, used foundry sand (UFS) and spent garnet sand (SGS) are used as a partial and full replacement to sand in concrete production. Design/methodology/approach The objective of the work is to develop non-conventional concrete by replacing river sand with a combination of UFS (constant 20Wt.% replacement) and SGS at various percentages (20, 40, 60 and 80 Wt.%). Findings Compared to conventional concrete, the 28 days compressive strength of non-conventional concrete (with UFS at 20% and spent garnet sand at 20%, 40% and 60% were 8.12%, 6.77% and 0.83% higher, respectively. The 28 days split tensile strength of non-conventional concrete (UFS at 20% and SGS at 20 and 40%) were 32.2% and 51.6% higher, respectively. Research limitations/implications It can be concluded that 60 Wt.% of river sand can be combined replaced with 20 Wt.% UFS and 40 Wt.% SGS to produce good quality concrete whose properties are on par with conventional concrete. Practical implications The results showed that combined SGS and UFS can be used as a partial replacement of river sand in the manufacturing of concrete that is used in all the applications of construction sector such as buildings, bridges, dams, etc. and non-structural applications such as drainpipes, kerbs, etc. Social implications Disposal of industrial by-product wastes such as SGS and UFS affects the environment. A sincere attempt is made to use the same as partial replacement of river sand. Originality/value Based on the literature study, no work is carried out in replacing the river sand combined with SGS and UFS in concrete.

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Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete Containing Spent Garnet as Replacement for Fine Aggregate

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Research on valorisation of spent garnets as addition in cementitious materials – preliminary experimental evaluation

Research on valorisation of spent garnets as addition in cementitious materials – preliminary experimental evaluation

Performance of spent garnet as a sand replacement in high-strength concrete exposed to high temperature

Performance of spent garnet sand and used foundry sand as fine aggregate in concrete

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