Mechanical properties of ProTaper Gold, EdgeTaper Platinum, Flex Gold and Pro-T rotary systems

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue, torsional behavior and bending resistance of EdgeTaper Platinum [ETP (tip 25, taper 0.06)], Flex Gold [FG (tip 25, taper 0.08)], Pro-T [PT (tip 25, taper 0.08)] and ProTaper Gold [PTG (tip 25, taper 0.08)] systems. Methods: Rotary instruments of ETP, PT, FG, and PTG were used (n=30). Cyclic fatigue tests were performed using an artificial stainless-steel canal with a 60o angle and a 5-mm radius of curvature at body temperature (35°±1°C). The time and number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was recorded. The torsional test evaluated the torque and angle of rotation to failure at 3 mm from the tip according to ISO 3630-1. The fractured surface of each fragment was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bending test evaluated the torque required to bend the instruments at an angular deflection of 60°. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The ETP had highest time until fracture and NCF than all the groups (P<0.05). The PTG had the highest torsional strength, followed by FG (P<0.05). The ETP had the highest angular rotation, followed by PT and PTG (P<0.05). The FG showed the highest bending resistance, followed by the PTG (P<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the ETP and PT exhibited higher cyclic fatigue resistance, higher angular deflection values and lower bending force than FG and PTG. The PTG instruments showed the highest torsional strength and the lowest cyclic fatigue resistance.

Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of centering ability and root canal transportation of ProTaper gold and v taper blue files in mandibular molar root canal preparation

“…Comparison between NiTi and stainless steel in previous studies has shown that NiTi instruments have higher central ability and less canal transportation than stainless steel files [2,3] . Despite the advantages, NiTi instruments seem to be vulnerable to separation by cyclic fatigue or torsional stress [4] . The ProTaper Gold (PTG) (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) rotary system is a common thermally treated rotary instrument with the same features as the ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) but advanced thermal treatment, named gold treatment [5] .…”

“…The ProTaper Gold (PTG) (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) rotary system is a common thermally treated rotary instrument with the same features as the ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) but advanced thermal treatment, named gold treatment [5] . Complex heating-cooling treatment of these files contributes to a visible titanium oxide layer on the instrument surface, with shape memory alloy, higher flexibility, fatigue resistance, cutting efficiency, and canal centering ability [3,4,[6][7][8][9] . The heat-treated AF-wire of FANTA company is an advancement of NiTi files with enhanced mechanical characteristics and efficient flexibility to prevent dislocation in root canals.…”

Analysis of mechanical properties engine-driven NiTi instruments with different thermally treated

“…The cyclic fatigue apparatus used in this both studies was previous reported by several authors (MARKS DUARTE et al, 2018;ALCALDE et al, 2018;ALCALDE et al, 2020;WEISSHEIMER et al, 2020). Our study utilized the static instead of the dynamics model due to the static method decrease some biases, such as amplitude of axial motions and speed, wich are completely subjective in a clinical situation because their reproduciton is manually controlled (ALCALDE et al, 2018).…”

“…In the second study was used the torsional test to evalaute the maxium torsional strength and angular deflection supported by the instruments before separation. The method used was according the ISO Standadr 3630-1 and has been previously reported by several authors (ALCALDE et al, 2017(ALCALDE et al, , 2018(ALCALDE et al, , 2020. The 3 mm of the tip was fastened and rotation in clockwise direction wa set for all instruments.…”

“…During the last decades, several studies evalauted the cyclic and torsional resistance to fatigue of the NiTi rotary instruments, which showed that the instruments design (cross-section desing, taper, diameter of core, tip diameter) can affect the metal mass volume of the instruments, modifying their flexibility and clinical performance (TOPÇUOGLU et al, 2016;WYCOFF;BERZINS, 2012;USLU et al, 2017;ALCALDE et al, 2017ALCALDE et al, , 2018ALCALDE et al, , 2020.…”