Mechanical properties of polyurethane foams prepared from liquefied corn stover with PAPI

Wang, Tipeng; Zhang, Lian-Hui; Dong, Li Min; Yin, Jun; Wu, Sha; Mao, Zhihuai

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.003

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Several attempts have been made to use liquefied wood , sugar cane bagasse (Hakim et al 2011), and wheat straw (Chen and Lu 2009), as well as corn bran, stover, and stalks (Lee et al 2000;Wang et al 2008;Yan et al 2008), to produce polyurethane foams. Recently, liquefied cork has been used for the production of polyurethane foams, although the investigations did not report the liquefaction yields nor the amount of suberin that had been dissolved (Gama et al 2015).…”

Section: Polyurethane Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cork Liquefaction for Polyurethane Foam Production

et al. 2017

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aCork is one of the most important forest products in Portugal. The cork processing industry is highly resource-efficient, and the only residue is cork powder, which is too small for agglomerate production. This work studied the usage of cork powder for the production of added-value products via polyol liquefaction. Liquefactions were performed in a reactor using a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and glycerol as solvents, which were catalyzed by the addition of sulphuric acid. Several cork-tosolvent ratios, reaction temperatures, and reaction times were tested. Polyurethane foams were prepared by combining polyol mixtures with a catalyst, surfactant, blowing agent, and polymeric isocyanate. Mechanical tests of the produced foams were conducted, and compressive modulus of elasticity and compressive stress at 10% deformation were determined. The results show that the best conditions for obtaining high liquefaction yields are as follows: 160 °C for 1 h; glycerol-to-PEG 400 ratio of 1:9; corkto-solvent ratio of 1:6; and 3% H2SO4 catalyst addition. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that the lignocellulosic fractions of the cork were more selectively dissolved during acidified polyol liquefaction than the suberin. With liquefied cork powder using these optimized conditions, it is possible to produce polyurethane foams with desired properties.

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Section: Polyurethane Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cork Liquefaction for Polyurethane Foam Production

et al. 2017

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“…15 Therefore, many researchers have attempted to obtain highly valuable lignin based products on account of this property. Even though most of them [16][17][18][19][20][21] have investigated the lignin based PU lm, the lignin just played a role of ller or partly substitution of polyols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of high boiling solvent lignin-based polyurethane film with lignin as the only hydroxyl group provider

et al. 2015

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A novel diisocyanate-modified lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) film was facilely prepared using renewable lignin as the only hydroxyl group provider at ambient temperature and pressure for the first time. The lignin was extracted through a modified high boiling solvent (HBS) method with 1,4-dioxane as the solvent, and then dried through freeze drying. The ash content of the HBS lignin sample was about 0.25%, which was lower than for other lignins. The HBS lignin had a large number of hydroxyl groups, which indicated the potential value in substitution of polyols in the synthesis of polyurethane (PU). From the results, the LPU film possessed high performance in hardness, solvent resistance and hydrophilicity with no need for further modification. The LPU film also had high tensile strength with a maximum value of 41.6 MPa. In order to investigate the thermal properties of the LPU film, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetric infrared analysis (TGA-FTIR) were performed, and the LPU film was stable at 114 C in air and an N 2 atmosphere. This study developed a novel LPU film which could show promising future applications as a coating and base.

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“…liquefaction. The application of the chemical methods of lignocellulose biomass liquefaction results in the synthesis of highly reactive compounds with a vast range of molecular weight, which can be further processed into phenolic resins (Roslan et al 2014;Wang et al 2009a, b) or polyols for the production of polyurethanes (Cinelli et al 2013;Hu et al 2012;Kurimoto et al 2001;Wang et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolyols obtained via crude glycerol-based liquefaction of cellulose: their structural, rheological and thermal characterization

et al. 2016

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In this work lignocellulose biomass liquefaction was used to produce biopolyols suitable for the manufacturing of rigid polyurethane foams. In order to better evaluate the mechanism of the process, pure cellulose was applied as a raw material. The effect of time and temperature on the effectiveness of liquefaction and the parameters of resulting biopolyols were characterized. The prepared materials were analyzed in terms of their chemical structure, rheology, thermal and oxidative stability, and basic physical and mechanical properties that are important from the point of view of polyurethane manufacturing. The optimal parameters for the biopolyol production with a 94 % yield were achieved at 150°C for a 6-h reaction duration. The obtained polyols were characterized by the hydroxyl number of 643 mg KOH/g and enhanced thermal and oxidative stability compared to the polyols obtained at lower temperatures, which is associated with the altered mechanism of liquefaction. The results of rheological tests, analyzed with the use of Ostwald-de Waele and Herschel Bulkley models, revealed that the prepared biopolyols can be classified as pseudoplastic fluids with the viscosity values similar to those of commercially available products. Rigid foams obtained via partial substitution of petrochemical polyol with prepared biobased one were characterized by slightly increased apparent density and average cell size comparing to unmodified materials. The best mechanical performance was observed for the sample containing 35 wt% of biopolyol in the polyol mixture, which indicates a synergistic effect between the applied polyols. The applied modification delayed thermal degradation of foams due to changes in thermal decomposition process. In conclusion, the presented work confirms that lignocellulose biomass liquefaction can be successfully applied as a manufacturing method of polyols later used in the production of polyurethanes.

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Mechanical properties of polyurethane foams prepared from liquefied corn stover with PAPI

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Cork Liquefaction for Polyurethane Foam Production

Cork Liquefaction for Polyurethane Foam Production

Preparation and characterization of high boiling solvent lignin-based polyurethane film with lignin as the only hydroxyl group provider

Biopolyols obtained via crude glycerol-based liquefaction of cellulose: their structural, rheological and thermal characterization

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