Mechanical properties of polymeric implant materials produced by extrusion-based additive manufacturing

Petersmann, Sandra; Spoerk, Martin; Steene, Willem Van De; Üçal, Muammer; Wiener, Johannes; Pinter, Gerald; Arbeiter, Florian

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103611

Cited by 90 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…15 excellent thermal, chemical, weathering, and UV resistance properties. [16][17][18] Table 1 has a few important PMMA physical properties. PMMA thermal decomposition involves scission between C-C bonds and monomer repeat units.…”

Section: Pmmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging trends in poly(methyl methacrylate) containing carbonaceous reinforcements—Carbon nanotube, carbon black, and carbon fiber

Kausar

2020

Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting

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Poly(methyl methacrylate) is an important acrylic thermoplastic polymer. Poly(methyl methacrylate) is a transparent and rigid synthetic plastic. There has been growing interest in developing high performance poly(methyl methacrylate)-based nanocomposites. This article reviews a few important poly(methyl methacrylate)-based nanocomposites and composites. An extended account of the poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites with carbonaceous nanofillers and fillers is given. The physical properties and how to manufacture poly(methyl methacrylate)/carbon nanotube, poly(methyl methacrylate)/carbon black, and poly(methyl methacrylate)/carbon fiber materials are appraised. The research so far shows that the mechanical, thermal, conducting, and microstructural performances improved compared with pure poly(methyl methacrylate). In order to further enhance the poly(methyl methacrylate) material performance, chemically modifying the carbonaceous fillers and chemical affinity with the polymer matrix are necessary. The main challenges here are to obtain well-dispersed, aligned, and easily processable poly(methyl methacrylate)-based composites. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-based nanocomposite applications are also reviewed in an attempt to facilitate progress in this emerging area. These materials are potential candidates in electromagnetic interference shielding, gas sensors, separation membranes, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications.

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Section: Pmmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging trends in poly(methyl methacrylate) containing carbonaceous reinforcements—Carbon nanotube, carbon black, and carbon fiber

Kausar

2020

Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting

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“…Also, it is used for chemical synthesis [118], mainly to produce poly-lactic acid (PLA), a thermaland bioplastic polyester with widespread use in many applications [119,120]. PLA is used, for example, in medical implants [121], as plastic fiber material in 3D-printing [122,123], and as a decomposable packing material [124,125].…”

Section: Lactic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconversion of Lactose from Cheese Whey to Organic Acids

Pais-Chanfrau¹,

Núñez-Pérez²,

Espín-Valladares³

et al. 2020

Lactose and Lactose Derivatives

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Organic acids constitute a group of organic compounds that find multiple applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. For this reason, the market for these products is continuously growing. Traditionally, most organic acids have been produced by chemical synthesis from oil derivatives. However, the irreversible depletion of oil has led us to pay attention to other primary sources as possible raw materials to produce organic acids. The microbial production of organic acids from lactose could be a valid, economical, and sustainable alternative to guarantee the sustained demand for organic acids. Considering that lactose is a by-product of the dairy industry, this review describes different procedures to obtain organic acids from lactose by using microbial bioprocesses.

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“…However, recently, new plastic materials widely used in traditional processes such as injection molding have been introduced into the additive manufacturing process [ 21 , 22 ]. Among these materials, Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) is a polyester thermoplastic, derivative polymer of the material Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), used for commercial applications such as manufacturing bottles, containers, packaging materials and medical implants [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. PETG has excellent formability, durability, chemical resistance and low forming temperature, being an appropriate material for fused deposition modeling, thermoforming and extruding [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Analysis for the Mechanical Characterization of PETG Polymers Manufactured with FDM Technology under Pure Uniaxial Compression Stress States for Architectural Applications

et al. 2020

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This paper presents the numerical and experimental analysis performed on the polymeric material Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) manufactured with Fused Deposition Modeling Technology (FDM) technology, aiming at obtaining its mechanical characterization under uniaxial compression loads. Firstly, with the objective of evaluating the printing direction that poses a greater mechanical strength, eighteen test specimens were manufactured and analyzed according to the requirements of the ISO-604 standards. After that, a second experimental test analyzed the mechanical behavior of an innovative structural design manufactured in Z and X–Y directions under uniaxial compression loads according to the requirements of the Spanish CTE standard. The experimental results point to a mechanical linear behavior of PETG in X, Y and Z manufacturing directions up to strain levels close to the yield strength point. SEM micrographs show different structural failures linked to the specimen manufacturing directions. Test specimens manufactured along X present a brittle fracture caused by a delamination process. On the contrary, test specimens manufactured along X and Y directions show permanent plastic deformations, great flexibility and less strength under compression loads. Two numerical analyses were performed on the structural part using Young’s compression modulus obtained from the experimental tests and the load specifications required for the Spanish CTE standards. The comparison between numerical and experimental results presents a percentage of relative error of 2.80% (Z-axis), 3.98% (X-axis) and 3.46% (Y-axis), which allows characterizing PETG plastic material manufactured with FDM as an isotropic material in the numerical simulation software without modifying the material modeling equations in the data software. The research presented here is of great help to researchers working with polymers and FDM technology for companies that might need to numerically simulate new designs with the PETG polymer and FDM technology.

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Mechanical properties of polymeric implant materials produced by extrusion-based additive manufacturing

Cited by 90 publications

References 46 publications

Emerging trends in poly(methyl methacrylate) containing carbonaceous reinforcements—Carbon nanotube, carbon black, and carbon fiber

Emerging trends in poly(methyl methacrylate) containing carbonaceous reinforcements—Carbon nanotube, carbon black, and carbon fiber

Bioconversion of Lactose from Cheese Whey to Organic Acids

Experimental and Numerical Analysis for the Mechanical Characterization of PETG Polymers Manufactured with FDM Technology under Pure Uniaxial Compression Stress States for Architectural Applications

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