Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene-Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Composites

Rozman, H. D.; Ismail, Hanafi; Jaffri, R. M.; Aminullah, Akhmad; Ishak, Z. A. Mohd

doi:10.1080/03602559808001376

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Big particles tend to debond easily and thus result in poor mechanical properties. Similar tensile results were obtained by other researchers [14][15][16]37].…”

Section: Semsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…After the inclusion of GCW, tensile strength deteriorated while tensile modulus improved slightly compared to neat oxo-HDPE. GCW with irregular cross section having low aspect ratio (<2) might be the main concern of deteriorating properties [37]. Aspect ratio (length to diameter ratio) shows a greater effect on tensile properties than the particle size [38].…”

Section: Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Alkaline Treatment and Fiber Content on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Ground Coffee Waste/Oxobiodegradable HDPE Biocomposites

Tan

Kuan

Lee

2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Effect of alkali treatment on ground coffee waste/oxobiodegradable HDPE (GCW/oxo-HDPE) composites was evaluated using 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% volume fraction of GCW. The composites were characterized using structural (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), thermal (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), mechanical (tensile and impact test) properties, and water absorption. FTIR spectrum indicated the eradication of lipids, hemicellulose, lignin, and impurities after the treatments lead to an improvement of the filler/matrix interface adhesion. This is confirmed by SEM results. Degree of crystallinity index was increased by 5% after the treatment. Thermal stability for both untreated and treated GCW composites was alike. Optimum tensile result was achieved when using 10% volume fraction with enhancement of 25% for tensile strength and 24% for tensile modulus compared to untreated composite. Specific tensile strength and modulus had improved as the composite has lower density. The highest impact properties were achieved when using 15% volume fraction that lead to an improvement of 6%. Treated GCW composites show better water resistance with 57% improvement compared to the untreated ones. This lightweight and ecofriendly biocomposite has the potential in packaging, internal automotive parts, lightweight furniture, and other composite engineering applications.

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“…Big particles tend to debond easily and thus result in poor mechanical properties. Similar tensile results were obtained by other researchers [14][15][16]37].…”

Section: Semsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Alkaline Treatment and Fiber Content on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Ground Coffee Waste/Oxobiodegradable HDPE Biocomposites

Tan

Kuan

Lee

2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…In general, it has been found that the incorporation of fillers into HDPE matrix has, to a certain extent, reduced both tensile and impact strength of the composites. 13,17 Incorporation of coupling agents and compatibilizers in the EFB composites has also been reported to impart some improvement in properties. 18 Several studies on other lignocellulosic-filled thermoplastic composites have indicated that the mixing procedures could play an important role in determining the properties of composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The potential utilization of fillers that were derived from oil palm industries, that is, empty fruit bunch (EFB) and oil palm frond (OPF) for the production of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites have been reported by several workers. 13,17,18 The investigation has been focused on the effect of filler loadings, filler particle size distribution, and the effect of coupling agents on the mechanical properties of the composites. In general, it has been found that the incorporation of fillers into HDPE matrix has, to a certain extent, reduced both tensile and impact strength of the composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These materials have been subjected to various investigations recently, either in replacing existing wood species in making conventional panel products 11 or producing plastics composites. [12][13][14][15][16] The increasing trend in using these nonwood-based materials has been induced by the growing demand for lightweight, high-performance materials coupled with diminishing natural fiber resources (wood in particular) and escalating costs of raw materials and energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of compounding techniques on the mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch-polypropylene composites

Rozman

Peng

Ishak

1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Oil palm empty fruit bunch-polypropylene (EFB-PP) composites were produced by employing 2 types of compounding techniques, that is, an internal mixer and a single-screw extruder. The mechanical and water absorption properties of both types of composites were investigated. Overall, for both types of composites, the incorporation of the EFB into PP matrix has resulted in the improvement in the tensile modulus. However, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength decreased with increasing filler loading. Poor filler-matrix interaction or compatibility and, also, the size irregularity of the EFB are believed to be responsible for the poor ultimate performance. Composites produced by an internal mixer (IM) have displayed higher tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength than with those produced by extrusion (EX). The better performance has been attributed to the effectiveness of the IM, which produces better compounding and improves the wetting of the filler surface. Incorporation of compatibilizer and coupling agent, that is, Epolene wax (E-43) and 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (3-APE), respectively, have produced composites with improved tensile strength for both EX and IM composites. In addition, both types of treatment have resulted in an increase in tensile modulus of EX composites and impact strength of IM composites. Water absorption tests have revealed that the presence of coupling agents and compatibilizers have affected the amount of water absorbed, especially for the 3-APE-treated EFB-PP composites.

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Effect of silane-based coupling agents and acrylic acid based compatibilizers on mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch filled high-density polyethylene composites

Ishak

Aminullah

Ismail

et al. 1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The mechanical properties of composites consisting of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and oil palm fibrous wastes-that is, empty fruit bunch (EFB)-have been investigated. Tensile modulus showed an increase, whereas tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength decreased with increasing filler loading. The strong tendency of EFB to exist in the form of fiber bundles and the poor filler-matrix interaction is believed to be responsible for the poor strength displayed by the composites. Attempts to improve these properties using two types of coupling agents, that is, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APM) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APE) and two types of compatibilizers, poly(propylene-acrylic acid) (PPAA) and poly(propyleneethylene-acrylic acid), (PPEAA), are described. While almost all chemical treatments increased the stiffness of the composites, limited improvement has been observed in the case of tensile strength. This have been attributed to the presence of fiber bundles that remain intact even after several types of chemical treatment have been carried out. Thus, the role of EFB as reinforcing agent is not fully realized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that the main energy-absorbing mechanisms contributing towards toughness enhancement is through the fiber bundle pull-out process.

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Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene-Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Composites

Cited by 50 publications

References 8 publications

Characterization of Alkaline Treatment and Fiber Content on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Ground Coffee Waste/Oxobiodegradable HDPE Biocomposites

Characterization of Alkaline Treatment and Fiber Content on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Ground Coffee Waste/Oxobiodegradable HDPE Biocomposites

The effect of compounding techniques on the mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch-polypropylene composites

Effect of silane-based coupling agents and acrylic acid based compatibilizers on mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch filled high-density polyethylene composites

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