Mechanical properties of locust extensor tibiae muscles

Burns, Martin D.; Usherwood, P.N.R.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(78)90282-7

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The values for the extensors of the cockroach (Ahn and Full, 2002) and the front and middle leg extensors of the locust (Burns and Usherwood, 1978) are very similar to ours. Although the maximum tetanical force of the extensor tibiae is unexpectedly high (ranging from 80-200·mN), the normalized stress values (4.2-10.5·N·cm…”

Section: Time Course Of Single Twitch and Maximum Tetanical Forcessupporting

confidence: 71%

The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle

Guschlbauer

Scharstein

Büschges

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

104

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SUMMARY We investigated the properties of the extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect (Carausius morosus) middle leg. Muscle geometry of the middle leg was compared to that of the front and hind legs and to the flexor tibiae,respectively. The mean length of the extensor tibiae fibres is 1.41±0.23 mm and flexor fibres are 2.11±0.30 mm long. The change of fibre length with joint angle was measured and closely follows a cosine function. Its amplitude gives effective moment arm lengths of 0.28±0.02 mm for the extensor and 0.56±0.04 mm for the flexor. Resting extensor tibiae muscle passive tonic force increased from 2 to 5 mN in the maximum femur–tibia (FT)-joint working range when stretched by ramps. Active muscle properties were measured with simultaneous activation (up to 200 pulses s–1) of all three motoneurons innervating the extensor tibiae, because this reflects most closely physiological muscle activation during leg swing. The force–length relationship corresponds closely to the typical characteristic according to the sliding filament hypothesis: it has a plateau at medium fibre lengths, declines nearly linearly in force at both longer and shorter fibre lengths, and the muscle's working range lies in the short to medium fibre length range. Maximum contraction velocity showed a similar relationship. The force–velocity relationship was the traditional Hill curve hyperbola, but deviated from the hyperbolic shape in the region of maximum contraction force close to the isometric contraction. Step-like changes in muscle length induced by loaded release experiments characterised the non-linear series elasticity as a quadratic spring.

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Section: Time Course Of Single Twitch and Maximum Tetanical Forcessupporting

confidence: 71%

The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle

Guschlbauer

Scharstein

Büschges

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

104

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“…'Catch' has also been used to describe observations similar to those first made by Blaschko et al (1931) in which single spikes or brief trains of high frequency spikes inserted into tonic low frequency spike trains result in a long-lasting increases in muscle contraction amplitude (invertebrate examples: Wilson and Larimer, 1968;Wilson et al, 1970;Wakabayashi and Kuroda, 1977;Burns and Usherwood, 1978;vertebrate examples: Lee et al, 1999a,b;Van Lunteren and Sankey, 2000). This clearly differs from molluscan catch in that nerve stimulation and actomyosin activation occur throughout the contraction.…”

Section: Post-1997-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate muscles: Thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle

Hooper

Hobbs

Thuma

2008

Progress in Neurobiology

126

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This is the second in a series of canonical reviews on invertebrate muscle. We cover here thin and thick filament structure, the molecular basis of force generation and its regulation, and two special properties of some invertebrate muscle, catch and asynchronous muscle. Invertebrate thin filaments resemble vertebrate thin filaments, although helix structure and tropomyosin arrangement show small differences. Invertebrate thick filaments, alternatively, are very different from vertebrate striated thick filaments and show great variation within invertebrates. Part of this diversity stems from variation in paramyosin content, which is greatly increased in very large diameter invertebrate thick filaments. Other of it arises from relatively small changes in filament backbone structure, which results in filaments with grossly similar myosin head placements (rotating crowns of heads every 14.5 nm) but large changes in detail (distances between heads in azimuthal registration varying from three to thousands of crowns). The lever arm basis of force generation is common to both vetebrates and invertebrates, and in some invertebrates this process is understood on the near atomic level. Invertebrate actomyosin is both thin (tropomyosin:troponin) and thick (primarily via direct Ca ++ binding to myosin) filament regulated, and most invertebrate muscles are dually regulated. These mechanisms are well understood on the molecular level, but the behavioral utility of dual regulation is less so. The phosphorylation state of the thick filament associated giant protein, twitchin, has been recently shown to be the molecular basis of catch. The molecular basis of the stretch activation underlying asynchronous muscle activity, however, remains unresolved.

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“…Similar effects of high frequency stimulation have been seen in the cockroach coxal depressor muscle (Chesler and Fourtner, 1981) and locust extensoi-tibiae (Burns and Usherwood, 1978). More recent evidence indicates that both of these muscles are innervated by motoneurons which utilize 1-glutamate and proctolin as CO-transmitters, with 1-glutamate initiating twitches and proctolin causing increases of basic tonus (O' Adams and O'Shea, 1983;Wordon et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Similar actions of inhibitory motoneurons have been described in other arthropod muscles including: the cockroach coxal depressor (Chesler and Fourtner, 1981), locust extensor-tibiae (Burns and Usherwood, 1978;Wordon et al. 1985), and weta (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae) extensor-tibiae .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Modulation of contractility and basic tonus in two serially homologous muscles in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus

O'Gara

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Mechanical properties of locust extensor tibiae muscles

Cited by 55 publications

References 26 publications

The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle

The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle

Invertebrate muscles: Thin and thick filament structure; molecular basis of contraction and its regulation, catch and asynchronous muscle

Modulation of contractility and basic tonus in two serially homologous muscles in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus

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