Mechanical Properties of High Viscosity Glass Ionomer and Glass Hybrid Restorative Materials

Abstract

Objectives to determine the mechanical properties of hybrid and high-viscosity glass ionomer cements. Compressive strength and hardness of three glass ionomer cements (GIC) were measured: Ketac ™ Universal Aplicap ™, EQUIA Fil® and EQUIA FORTE Fil®, and the SEM sample analysis were performed. Materials and Methods The samples for measuring the compressive strength were prepared using silicone molds with standard dimensions of 6 mm x 4 mm and stored in deionized water for five days, while the samples for hardness measurement were prepared using Teflon molds with a cylindrical opening in the middle, dimensions 2 mm in height and 5 mm in width. For each material, one sample was made (n = 1) and stored in deionized water at 37ºC for 25 days. A representative sample of each material was analyzed using SEM. For the comparison of obtained values, the ANOVA test was used, while Tukey test was used for the multiple comparison. Results There were no significant differences between the compressive strength of the three tested materials (p <0.05). The hardness values were: 157 HV0,2 for Ketac ™ Universal Aplicap ™, 47 HV0,2 for EQUIA Fil® and 39 HV0,2 for EQUIA FORTE Fil®, respectively, and were significantly different, implying that Ketac ™ Universal Aplicap ™ has much higher hardness values than the other materials tested. SEM sample analysis revealed similar fracture modes of the tested materials. Conclusion It was concluded that there were no statistically significant differences in compressive strength and fracture modes between the tested materials, while Ketac ™ Universal Aplicap ™ hardness results were significantly higher than the ones measured for EQUIA Fil® and EQUIA FORTE Fil®.

Compressive Strength of New Glass Ionomer Cement Technology based Restorative Materials after Thermocycling and Cyclic Loading

“…Standardni postupak za procjenu čvrstoće dentalnih materijala uključuje određivanje kompresijske čvrstoće (CS-a) (15,16). Kako bi se odredilo mehaničko svojstvo kompresijske čvrstoće ispitivanih materijala tijekom duljeg razdoblja, simulirani su uvjeti mastikatornog opterećenja cikličkim opterećenjem i termičke oscilacije u usnoj šupljini termocikliranjem (17).…”

“…The standard techniques for assessing the strength of dental materials include determining compressive strength (CS) (15,16). To determine compressive strength, the mechanical properties of tested materials are analyzed over a longer period of time and under simulated conditions where cyclic loading replicates masticatory loading and thermocycling simulates thermal oscillations in the oral cavity (17).…”

Effect of Nano-Filled Protective Coating and Different pH Enviroment on Wear Resistance of New Glass Hybrid Restorative Material

“…Glass hybrid materials based on GIC technology have been modified with glass particles of different sizes, such as highly reactive small particles being added to the standard filler. This property increases the reactivity and, according to the manufacturer, significantly affects the mechanical properties of the material and makes them suitable for long-lasting fillings in the posterior teeth [15,16]. The glass hybrid GICs also contain a nano-filled light-curing coating Equia Forte Coat (GC, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements after Incorporation of Marine Derived Hydroxyapatite

“…In this aspect, better physical properties have been achieved by optimizing the powder/liquid (p/L) ratio and particle size and distribution [5]. Owing to a high p/L ratio and reduced glass particle size, Fuji IX GP Extra is a highly viscous material [6], and some studies have confirmed that high-viscosity GICs have superior physical properties as compared with conventional GICs [7]. Furthermore, resin-modified (RM) GICs are light-cured materials with better mechanical properties than conventional GICs [8].…”