Mechanical properties of flax-fibre-reinforced preforms and composites: Influence of the type of yarns on multi-scale characterisations

Omrani, Fatma; Wang, Peng; Soulat, Damien; Ferreira, Manuela

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.11.013

Cited by 64 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…From jute yarns, Kashif et al [20] made about 10 3D warp interlock preforms and have concluded, via an ANOVA, that the weave pattern has an impact on mechanical properties of the dry fabric. To improve the mechanical properties of 3D warp interlock composites based on natural fibers, it is essential to control the parameters of the reinforcement architecture, but also to follow the properties at each scale [21,22], because the mechanical properties of plant fibers are often considered to show high variability [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Multiscale Characterization of 3D Warp Interlock Flax Fabrics with Different Woven Architectures for Composite Applications

Lansiaux

Soulat

Boussu

et al. 2020

Fibers

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Multiscale characterization of the textile preform made of natural fibers is an indispensable way to understand and assess the mechanical properties and behavior of composite. In this study, a multiscale experimental characterization is performed on three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics made of flax fiber on the fiber (micro), roving (meso), and fabric (macro) scales. The mechanical tensile properties of the flax fiber were determined by using the impregnated fiber bundle test. The effect of the twist was considered in the back-calculation of the fiber stiffness to reveal the calculation limits of the rule of mixture. Tensile tests on dry rovings were carried out while considering different twist levels to determine the optimal amount of twist required to weave the flax roving into a 3D warp interlock. Finally, at fabric-scale, six different 3D warp interlock architectures were woven to understand the role of the architecture of binding rovings on the mechanical properties of the dry 3D fabric. The results reveal the importance of considering the properties of the fiber and roving at these scales to determine the more adequate raw material for weaving. Further, the characterization of the 3D woven structures shows the preponderant role of the binding roving on their structural and mechanical properties. Fibers 2020, 8, 15 2 of 14composites. These works showed that the architecture of the reinforcement has a preponderant role on the mechanical properties of the composite.Generally, 3D architectures can be obtained by combining multi-layers of stacked 2D fabric with a through-the-thickness fiber reinforcement, introduced using stitching, z-pining, or tufting technologies [10][11][12]. Another technology is the 3D warp interlock weaving, in which multi-layers of in-plane yarns are bound together by a group of binding warp yarns according to a specific architecture (light blue in Figure 1) [13]. Consequently, in 3D warp interlock weaving, a thick structure is formed without degradation to the in-plane fibers that results from needle insertion through-the-thickness in the stitching and tufting techniques. Moreover, the fiber reinforcement through-the-thickness direction is inserted during the weaving and no further steps are required.ibers 2020, 8,15 2 o

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Multiscale Characterization of 3D Warp Interlock Flax Fabrics with Different Woven Architectures for Composite Applications

Lansiaux

Soulat

Boussu

et al. 2020

Fibers

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“…En termes de module (pente de la courbe force/dé formation) des pré formes, l'utilisation des mèches de chanvre CANAPA AT permet d'avoir des préformes plus rigides. Au cours du tissage, les fils sont dé gradé s par leur passage dans les diffé rents organes constitutifs du mé tier à tisser (Figure 8), principalement au niveau de l'ourdissage, du passage dans les oeillets des cadres, au niveau du peigne ou lors de l'insertion de la trame [9,27]. Pour caracté riser cette dé gradation, des essais de traction identiques à ceux effectué s avant le tissage (et dé crits au paragraphe 2.2) sont ré alisé s sur des fils et mè ches pré levé s dans les diffé rentes pré formes.…”

Section: Figure 6 Rigidité En Flexion Des Pré Formes Produitesunclassified

“…Ce fil, s'il est suffisamment retordu, aura alors la ré sistance né cessaire en traction pour ê tre utilisé en tissage. Cependant, plus la torsion est importante, plus les fibres sont compacté es au sein du fil et plus l'imprégnation par la résine pendant la production du composite sera difficile [8,9]. De plus, la torsion appliqué e au fil conduit é galement à une désorientation des fibres relativement à l'axe moyen du fil [10] et donc à un défaut d'orientation des fibres par rapport aux directions maté rielles principales de la piè ce composite qui sera produite.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Improvement of the Weavability of Natural-Fiber Reinforcement for Composite Materials Manufacture

Corbin¹,

Soulat²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2019

RCMA

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Natural fibers are an alternative to man-made fibers for the manufacturing of preforms intended for composite applications. Some of the textile manufacturing processes, such as spinning technology, are not suitable for the production of optimized preforms for composite materials. Those preforms are made of yarns, whose features (twisting in particular) lead to difficulties during impregnation step and to fiber disorientation when compared to the yarn axis. The purpose of this study is to produce woven preforms from flax and hemp rovings, instead of yarns. Rovings, which have a low twist level, are not suitable for weaving technology. An improvement of their mechanical properties with chemical treatment is suggested, and its influence on the feasibility of the weaving process and on the textile and mechanical properties of different scales (fiber, roving, preform and composite scales) is studied. The chemical treatment used leads to an improvement of the roving tenacity and the weavabilty without damaging fibers and composite properties. RÉSUMÉ : Les fibres naturelles repré sentent une alternative aux fibres synthé tiques dans la ré alisation de pré formes pour maté riaux composites. Certains procé dé s de transformation textile, notamment la filature, ne permettent pas l'obtention de préformes optimisées pour les maté riaux composites. Les caracté ristiques des fils constituants ces derniè res, et en particulier leur niveau de torsion, conduisent à des difficultés lors de l'imprégnation du renfort par le polymère et également à des défauts d'orientation des fibres par rapport à l'axe des fils et donc des directions principales du matériau. L'objectif de ce travail est d'élaborer des préformes tissées à l'aide de mèches de lin et de chanvre. Ces mèches présentent un faible taux de torsion comparativement aux fils. En l'état, et du fait de leur faible té nacité , elles ne sont né anmoins pas adapté es à la technologie de tissage. Une amé lioration de leurs proprié té s mé caniques par un traitement chimique est proposé e. Son influence sur la tissabilité et sur les proprié té s textiles et mé caniques aux diffé rentes é chelles fibre, mè che, pré forme et composite est é tudié e. Les ré sultats montrent que le traitement chimique permet alors d'augmenter la ténacité des mè ches et leur tissabilité sans dé grader les proprié té s des fibres et des composites.

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“…Without a strong cohesion between these staple fibre bundles, slipping occurs and the yarn strength remains low. The variability of tensile properties without a real cohesion between fibres is very high, as shown in [124][125] [126]. In this section, three technologies to increase this cohesion are described: twisting by using conventional ring spinning; addition of a binding agent and cohesion by wrapping/comingling/or micro-braiding.…”

Section: Rovings and Yarns For Aligned Preforms (1d Mono-axial)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical and damping properties were measured for unidirectional, 0/90 and twill 2/2 flax fibre composites containing 40 vol% of fibres in an epoxy matrix by Duc et al in [167]. On 3 different quasi-UD fabrics weaved from flax yarns with similar linear densities but different twist levels, Omrani et al [124] pointed out the influence of the weaving process on the tensile behaviour of flax yarns and fabrics. The degradation during the weaving can be observed on the flax yarns and the twist effect can help to reduce this degradation.…”

Section: Fabrics Made From Plant Fibres (2d-3d Mono-axial To Multi-amentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific features of flax fibres used to manufacture composite materials

et al. 2018

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The use of composite materials reinforced by flax fibres has been increasing steadily over the last 20 years. These fibres show attractive mechanical properties but also some particularities (naturally limited length, presence of a lumen, fibres grouped in bundles in the plant, complex surface properties and composition). An analysis of the available literature indicates that the quality of the composite materials studied is not always optimal (high porosity, incomplete impregnation, heterogeneous microstructure, variable fibre orientation). This paper reviews published data on the specific nature of flax fibres with respect to manufacturing of biocomposites (defined here as polymers reinforced by natural fibres). All the important steps in the process which influence final properties are analyzed, including the plant development, retting, fibre extraction, fibre treatment, preform preparation, available manufacturing processes, the impregnation step, fibre cell wall changes during processing and fibre/matrix adhesion.

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Mechanical properties of flax-fibre-reinforced preforms and composites: Influence of the type of yarns on multi-scale characterisations

Cited by 64 publications

References 43 publications

Development and Multiscale Characterization of 3D Warp Interlock Flax Fabrics with Different Woven Architectures for Composite Applications

Development and Multiscale Characterization of 3D Warp Interlock Flax Fabrics with Different Woven Architectures for Composite Applications

Improvement of the Weavability of Natural-Fiber Reinforcement for Composite Materials Manufacture

Specific features of flax fibres used to manufacture composite materials

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