Mechanical properties of cranial bone

Abstract

Samples of human and Macaca mularta cranial bone have been tested quasistatically in tension, compression, simple shear, and torsion. The results of these experiments have been analyzed, taking into account observed anisotrophies and varying structures. Statistical correlations of properties have been made with density and a model proposed that summarizes these results. The cranial bones appear to be transversely isotropic and they are generally much stronger and stiffer in the transverse or tangent to the skull direction in comparison to the radial direction. The structure of the dip& region was found to be highly variable and this strongly influenced many of the mechanical responses. The model, however. explains much of the observed variation.

Finite Element Analysis of a Dental Implant

“…All materials used in this model are considered to be homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic. The material properties are listed in Table 1 [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Material properties of the inner and outer cortical tables of the human parietal bone

“…Several studies (Evans and Lissner, 1957;McElhaney et al, 1970;Evans, 1973) have described mechanical characteristics of the cranial vault bone. These studies focused on mechanical tests of structural features by using specimens that included both cortical tables and the diploë.…”

A review on recent advances in numerical modelling of bone cutting

“…Despite the limitations of a two dimensional (2D) analysis this approach has been extensively used for simulation of machining for decades, in the field of metal and composite cutting. Simulation of orthogonal cutting has allowed the development of efficient models, with low computational cost, able to predict variables related to interface contact or surface integrity, see for instance recent works by the authors Tai et al (2013);Wood (1971);Cezayirlioglu et al (1985); Davy and Connolly (1982); Evans and Lissner (1957);McElhaney et al (1970); Voor et al (1997); Johnson and Rapoff (2007); Kasiri et al (2010); Martin and Boardman (1993); Li et al (2013b); Pithioux et al (2002); Katz et al (1984); Li et al (2014).…”

“…Elastic properties of the human skull bone were based on the results of McElhaney et al (1970) who found that the elastic constants of skull bone do not vary with direction within the plane of the skull surface. Elastic isotropy was used to represent human skull cortical bone (also in the outer cortical layer in the direction normal to the surface).…”

“…Elastic isotropy was used to represent human skull cortical bone (also in the outer cortical layer in the direction normal to the surface). The properties characterizing the bilinear elastic-plastic material behaviour were obtained from previous works in the literature (Reilly and Burstein, 1975;Wood, 1971, Cezayirlioglu et al, 1985Davy and Connolly, 1982;Evans and Lissner, 1957;McElhaney et al, 1970) and they are summarized in Table 1.…”