Mechanical properties of BaCe0.65Zr0.2Y0.15O3- proton-conducting material determined using different nanoindentation methods

Mechanical properties of BaCe0.65Zr0.2Y0.15O3- – Ce0.85Gd0.15O2- dual-phase proton-conducting material with emphasis on micro-pillar splitting

“…No third phase was observed in the XRD results, indicating that with 0.5 wt% NiO as sintering aid, after 1500 • C / 5 h sintering, the sample contained only BCZ20Y15 (identified according to ICSD 90052) and GDC15 (identified according to ICSD 28795). From the XRD pattern, no peaks corresponding to NiO can be observed, due to the very low amount of NiO, similar as reported in [52]. The detected room temperature orthorhombic and cubic crystal structures of BCZ20Y15 and GDC15 are in agreement with those reported in [17,32,33].…”

“…ZrO 2 balls, 3.5 mm diameter, weight ratio powder: balls: ethanol = 1: 2: 3) in ethanol for 24 h. The resultant mixtures were dried at 80 • C for two to three days. Then, the BCZ20Y15 mixtures were calcined at 1300 • C for 5 h, and the GDC15 mixtures at 1200 • C for 12 h [52,53]. Afterwards, the two compositions were mixed (shaker mixer TURBULA T2, Willy A. Bachofen GmbH, Nidderau, Germany) in a 50: 50 vol ratio, with additional 0.5 wt% (of BCZ20Y15 weight) NiO (99%, Sigma Aldrich) [17] as sintering aid in order to obtain dense samples.…”

“…Difficulties related to friction coefficient calibration and possible Ga + ion implantation at the root of the stress-concentrating notch, which complicate the analysis of microcantilever fracture experiments, can be avoided [46,47]. However, also in the case of pillar-splitting, size effects were observed, which were related to the FIB-preparation [51,52]. While it is not necessary to determine the crack length, the validity of every splitting experiment needs to be confirmed since inaccuracies in the indenter tip positioning can result in an underestimation of the fracture toughness [51].…”

Chemical and mechanical stability of BCZY-GDC membranes for hydrogen separation

“…The as-prepared composite is constituted by GDC and BCZY phases with calculated nano-hardness of 12.8 ± 2.1 GPa and 9.2 ± 1.9 GPa respectively. These data are consistent to the ones reported in previous works [38][39][40]. When the membrane is exposed to H2+CO2, no evident variation in nano-hardness is registered for the BCZY and GDC phases, confirming the hardness results previously described, whereas the thermal aging in H2 atmosphere strongly affects the GDC nano-hardness.…”

High temperature compressive creep behavior of BaCe0.65Zr0.2Y0.15O3−δ in air and 4% H2/Ar

“…Detailed information regarding the material preparation, crystal structure, and phase purity of the sintered samples can be found in Ref. [25].…”