Mechanical properties of aerospace epoxy composites reinforced with 2D nano-fillers: current status and road to industrialization

Wazalwar, Radhika; Sahu, Megha; Raichur, Ashok M.

doi:10.1039/d1na00050k

Cited by 70 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…Epoxy resins are extensively used in a wide range of applications [1], including adhesives [2,3], coatings [4,5], and high-performance composites [6,7], among others. However, as one of the main drawbacks is their inherent brittleness, much research has gone into finding ways to increase their toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid-Cured Epoxy/PCL Blends with Improved Toughness and Adhesive Properties

et al. 2022

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In this work, ionic liquid (IL)-cured epoxy resins were modified by adding poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Three different ILs were used in order to study how (a) the chemical structure of the ILs and (b) the PCL content affect the phase behaviour, microstructure, mechanical and adhesive properties. Regardless of the IL used or the PCL content, the obtained materials showed a single phase. The addition of PCL to the epoxy resin resulted in plasticizing of the network blends, lower glass transition temperatures (Tg), and crosslinking densities (νe). Low PCL contents did not have a significant impact on the mechanical properties. However, the adhesive properties improved significantly at low PCL contents. Higher PCL contents led to a significant increase in toughness, especially in the case of the imidazolium-based IL. The balance achieved between the mechanical and adhesive properties of these IL-cured epoxy/PCL blends constitutes an important step towards sustainability. This is because a biodegradable polymer (PCL) was used to substitute part of the epoxy resin, and the ILs—which are non-volatile and cure effectively at much lower contents—were used instead of conventional curing agents. Given the wide use of this kind of materials in the adhesive industry, the practical significance of these results must be emphasised.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid-Cured Epoxy/PCL Blends with Improved Toughness and Adhesive Properties

et al. 2022

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“…The analysis revealed that MB013 is the most elastic sample, but it also presents the lowest mechanical resistance. This could be explained by an improved load transfer due to the presence of amino-functionalized graphene [48,49]. The addition of a supplementary amount of iron oxide to this formulation led to higher mechanical resistance (MB014) probably due to a reinforcing effect of the filler.…”

Section: Scheme 1 Graphical Representation Of the Graphene Stacks' Th...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Epoxy Coatings Containing Modified Graphene for Electromagnetic Shielding

et al. 2022

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This study presents the functionalization and characterization of graphene and electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuation capacity in epoxy-nanocomposites. The modification of graphene involved both small molecules and polymers for compatibilization with epoxy resin components to provide EMI shielding. The TGA and RAMAN analyses confirmed the synthesis of graphene with a different layer thickness of the graphene sheets. Graphene samples with different layer thicknesses (monolayer, few layers, and multilayer) were selected and further employed for epoxy coating formulation. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized in terms of EMI shielding effectiveness, SEM, micro-CT, magnetic properties, and stress-strain resistance. The EMI shielding effectiveness results indicated that the unmodified graphene and hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) modified graphene displayed the best EMI shielding properties at 11 GHz. However, the epoxy nanocomposites based on HMDA modified graphene displayed better flexibility with an identical EMI shielding effectiveness compared to the unmodified graphene despite the formation of aggregates. The improved flexibility of the epoxy nanocomposites and EMI shielding characteristics of HMDA functionalized graphene offers a practical solution for textile coatings with microwave absorbing (MA) capacity.

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“…The use of 2D materials, especially graphene, for epoxy resin reinforcement has been extensively documented. Important improvements in modulus, mechanical strength, toughness, and hardness have been reported, and the reader may consult interesting reviews [ 5 , 16 , 31 , 32 ]. In general, 2D nanomaterials have been studied in depth; however, the study of MXene-modified ERs is still in its beginning.…”

Section: Properties and Applications Of Mxene/epoxy Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two-dimensional nanomaterials are now very popular because of their outstanding properties derived from their high aspect ratio and specific surface area, surface chemistry, and quantum-size effects. Two-dimensional nanomaterials are excellent reinforcement phases for toughening and strengthening epoxy resins [ 5 ]. Graphene, a two-dimensional layer of carbon atoms sp 2 , is probably the most widely used 2D material.…”

Section: Introduction Epoxy Resins and Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature on epoxy reinforced with nanofillers is extensive. Some recent reviews focus on using 2D nanofillers on polymers and epoxy resins [ 5 , 13 , 16 ], but they are either general or overly focused on one application. These publications scarcely mention several works with MXenes, partly owing to their novelty.…”

Section: Introduction Epoxy Resins and Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in MXene/Epoxy Composites: Trends and Prospects

et al. 2022

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Epoxy resins are thermosets with interesting physicochemical properties for numerous engineering applications, and considerable efforts have been made to improve their performance by adding nanofillers to their formulations. MXenes are one of the most promising functional materials to use as nanofillers. They have attracted great interest due to their high electrical and thermal conductivity, hydrophilicity, high specific surface area and aspect ratio, and chemically active surface, compatible with a wide range of polymers. The use of MXenes as nanofillers in epoxy resins is incipient; nevertheless, the literature indicates a growing interest due to their good chemical compatibility and outstanding properties as composites, which widen the potential applications of epoxy resins. In this review, we report an overview of the recent progress in the development of MXene/epoxy nanocomposites and the contribution of nanofillers to the enhancement of properties. Particularly, their application for protective coatings (i.e., anticorrosive and friction and wear), electromagnetic-interference shielding, and composites is discussed. Finally, a discussion of the challenges in this topic is presented.

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Mechanical properties of aerospace epoxy composites reinforced with 2D nano-fillers: current status and road to industrialization

Abstract: Epoxy composites find application in the aerospace industry. Although epoxy is a high-performance polymer, its fracture toughness is compromised due to its highly cross-linked nature. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes...

Cited by 70 publications

References 220 publications

Ionic Liquid-Cured Epoxy/PCL Blends with Improved Toughness and Adhesive Properties

Ionic Liquid-Cured Epoxy/PCL Blends with Improved Toughness and Adhesive Properties

Epoxy Coatings Containing Modified Graphene for Electromagnetic Shielding

Recent Advances in MXene/Epoxy Composites: Trends and Prospects

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