Mechanical Properties of Adult Vertebral Cancellous Bone: Correlation With Collagen Intermolecular Cross‐Links

Banse, Xavier; Sims, Trevor J.; Bailey, A.J.

doi:10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.9.1621

Cited by 236 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…25,29,30 Only one ex vivo study performed in human vertebrae reported that the ratio of PYD/DPD in human vertebral trabecular bone was significantly associated with elastic modulus and ultimate strength, but the interpretation of the PYD/ DPD ratio is challenging. 28 We also did not observe any association between PEN content and mechanical properties before or after adjustment for BV/TV. Several prior studies found that higher levels of AGEs are associated with decreased postyield properties of cortical and trabecular bone.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…[23][24][25][26][27] Whereas the content of PYD and DPD in bone matrix were related to bone strength in the lathyric model, in ex vivo studies, the role of these enzymatic cross-links remains unclear. 25,26,28,29 In comparison, the accumulation AGEs such as pentosidine (PEN) in the bone matrix is consistently associated with impairment of the postyield properties of trabecular and cortical bone. 24,25,29,30 Few of these studies were performed on human trabecular bone, thus the role of collagen crosslinks on trabecular bone mechanical behavior remains unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of preexisting microdamage, collagen cross‐links, degree of mineralization, age, and architecture on compressive mechanical properties of elderly human vertebral trabecular bone

Follet

Viguet-Carrin

Burt‐Pichat

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Previous studies have shown that the mechanical properties of trabecular bone are determined by bone volume fraction (BV/ TV) and microarchitecture. The purpose of this study was to explore other possible determinants of the mechanical properties of vertebral trabecular bone, namely collagen cross-link content, microdamage, and mineralization. Trabecular bone cores were collected from human L2 vertebrae (n ¼ 49) from recently deceased donors 54-95 years of age (21 men and 27 women). Two trabecular cores were obtained from each vertebra, one for preexisting microdamage and mineralization measurements, and one for BV/TV and quasi-static compression tests. Collagen cross-link content (PYD, DPD, and PEN) was measured on surrounding trabecular bone. Advancing age was associated with impaired mechanical properties, and with increased microdamage, even after adjustment by BV/TV. BV/TV was the strongest determinant of elastic modulus and ultimate strength (r 2 ¼ 0.44 and 0.55, respectively). Microdamage, mineralization parameters, and collagen cross-link content were not associated with mechanical properties. These data indicate that the compressive strength of human vertebral trabecular bone is primarily determined by the amount of trabecular bone, and notably unaffected by normal variation in other factors, such as crosslink profile, microdamage and mineralization. Keywords: bone strength; microdamage; microarchitecture; mineralization; collagen cross-links; vertebral trabecular bone Several studies have shown that the mechanical properties of trabecular bone are influenced by bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and microarchitecture. 1,2 However, additional factors, such as degree of mineralization, preexisting microdamage, and collagen cross-link profile may also play a role, yet the contribution of these factors to human trabecular bone mechanical properties remains incompletely understood.Increased mineralization of cortical bone is exponentially related to increased stiffness, but decreased energy absorption. 3 A similar trend was seen in human trabecular bone from the calcaneus, with a positive relationship between mineralization and elastic modulus, after adjusting for BV/TV. 4 It has also been suggested that a reduction in the heterogeneity of mineralization density distribution leads to increased bone fragility, 5 but there are few data to support this assertion.Microdamage has been largely studied in animal models and in human cortical bone, with only a few studies reporting microdamage in human trabecular bone either naturally occurring 6-11 or due to loading ex-vivo. 12 In cortical bone, microdamage accumulation leads to decreased mechanical properties, 13,14 and therefore has been implicated in skeletal fragility and stress fractures. 15 However, the association between microdamage and cortical bone fracture toughness was weak, 16 raising questions as to the role of microdamage in cortical bone. Increased microdamage has also been associated with decreased strength in human vertebral cancellous bone; 1...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of preexisting microdamage, collagen cross‐links, degree of mineralization, age, and architecture on compressive mechanical properties of elderly human vertebral trabecular bone

Follet

Viguet-Carrin

Burt‐Pichat

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Banse et al 35 showed that the ratio between the enzymatic crosslinks PYD / DPD, but not their actual concentration, was significantly associated with the compressive biomechanical properties of human vertebrae independent of BMD. There was no association of divalent immature crosslinks or pyrolle with mechanical properties.…”

Section: Collagen Post-translational Modifications and Bone Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of collagen crosslinks to bone strength

Garnero¹

2012

BoneKEy Reports

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Collagen crosslinking is a major post-translational modification of collagen which has important roles in determining the biomechanical competence of bone. Crosslinks can be divided into enzymatic lysil oxidase-mediated and nonenzymatic glycation-induced (advanced glycation end products, AGE) molecules. In addition, collagen in bone can also undergo spontaneous isomerization and racemization of the aspartic acid residues with the C-telopeptide (CTX), leading to the formation of two isomers namely ␣ (newly formed collagen) and ␤ (matured isomerized collagen) CTX. Several in vitro and ex vivo studies, relating the bone content of these crosslinks with bone strength, have shown that they contributed to the mechanical competence of trabecular and cortical bone -mainly on the post-yield properties -in part independent of the bone mineral content. In addition, AGEs such as pentosidine have been reported to alter the formation and propagation of microdamage by making the bone more brittle. The bone content of AGEs and isomerization can also be modified by antiresorptive and anabolic therapies. They may thus explain part of the antifracture efficacy of these treatments. The main challenge consists in the transposition of these in vitro / ex vivo studies to clinical applications for the development of a non-invasive biomarker, as none of currently identified collagen crosslinks (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) is bone specific. Nevertheless, serum or urine levels of pentosidine and the ratio of ␣ / ␤ CTX have been reported to predict fracture risk in postmenopausal women, in men and in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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“…There are two types of cross-links: enzymatically and non-enzymatically (Seigmund et al, 2008). Considering the macroscopic response of bone, enzymatic cross-linking has been related to improving mechanical properties (Banse et al, 2002) whereas non-enzymatic cross-linking prevents energy absorption by micro damaged formations and may accelerate brittle fracturing Tang et al, 2007;Nyman et al, 2007;Vashishth, 2007). Natural cross-linking gives collagen a high tensile strength and proteolytic resistance (Friess, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of material and structural factors on fracture behaviour of mineralised collagen microfibril using finite element simulation

Barkaoui¹,

Hambli²,

Tavares³

2014

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Bone is a multiscale heterogeneous material and its principal function is to support the body structure and to resist mechanical loads without fracturing. Numerical modelling of biocomposites at different length scales provides an improved understanding of the mechanical behaviour of structures such as bone, and also guides the development of multiscale mechanical models. Here, a three-dimensional nano-scale model of mineralized collagen microfibril based on the finite element method was employed to investigate the effect of material and structural factors on the mechanical equivalent of fracture properties.

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Mechanical Properties of Adult Vertebral Cancellous Bone: Correlation With Collagen Intermolecular Cross‐Links

Cited by 236 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of preexisting microdamage, collagen cross‐links, degree of mineralization, age, and architecture on compressive mechanical properties of elderly human vertebral trabecular bone

Effects of preexisting microdamage, collagen cross‐links, degree of mineralization, age, and architecture on compressive mechanical properties of elderly human vertebral trabecular bone

The contribution of collagen crosslinks to bone strength

Effect of material and structural factors on fracture behaviour of mineralised collagen microfibril using finite element simulation

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