Mechanical Properties Changes of Irradiated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Mizera, Aleš; Maňas, David; Ovsík, Martin; Hylova, Lenka; Sehnálek, Stanislav; Stoklásek, Pavel

doi:10.3390/polym10010087

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The indentation modulus ( E IT ) was calculated from the plane strain modulus ( E* ), using an estimated Poisson’s ratio ( ν s ) sample—(Polymer 0.3 to 0.4) [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]:

where E i is the elastic modulus of the indenter (diamond 1141 GPa), E r is the reduced indentation contact modulus, and ν i is the indenter Poisson’s ratio (0.07).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indentation modulus (E IT ) was calculated from the plane strain modulus (E*), using an estimated Poisson's ratio (ν s ) sample-(Polymer 0.3 to 0.4) [30][31][32]:…”

Section: Nano-indentation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where E i is the elastic modulus of the indenter (diamond 1141 GPa), E r is the reduced indentation contact modulus, and ν i is the indenter Poisson's ratio (0.07). The indentation modulus (EIT) was calculated from the plane strain modulus (E*), using an estimated Poisson's ratio (νs) sample-(Polymer 0.3 to 0.4) [30][31][32]:…”

Section: Nano-indentation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determination of indentation creep CIT (where h1 is the indentation depth at time t1 of reaching the maximal test force) was as follows-h2 is the indentation depth at time t2 of withstanding the constant test force (Figure 4) [30]: The indentation modulus (EIT) was calculated from the plane strain modulus (E*), using an estimated Poisson's ratio (νs) sample-(Polymer 0.3 to 0.4) [30][31][32]:…”

Section: Nano-indentation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamide Surface Layer Nano-Indentation and Thermal Properties Modified by Irradiation

et al. 2020

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This study describes the effect of electron radiation on the nano-mechanical properties of surface layers of selected polyamide (PA) types. Electron radiation initiates the cross-linking of macromolecules in the polyamide structure, leading to the creation of a 3D network which fundamentally changes the properties of the tested polymers. Selected types of polyamide (PA 6, PA 66 and PA 9T) were exposed to various intensities of electron radiation (33 kGy, 66 kGy, 99 kGy, 132 kGy, 165 kGy and 198 kGy). The cross-linked polyamides’ surface properties were measured by means of the modern nano-indentation technique (Depth Sensing Indentation; DSI), which operates on the principle of the immediate detection of indenter penetration depth in dependence on the applied load. The evaluation was preformed using the Oliver–Pharr method. The effect of electron radiation on the tested polyamides manifested itself in the creation of a 3D network, which led to an increase of surface layer properties, such as indentation hardness, elastic modulus, creep and temperature resistance, by up to 93%. The increase of temperature and mechanical properties substantially broadens the field of application of these materials in technical practice, especially when higher temperature resistance is required. The positive changes to the nano-mechanical properties as well as mechanical and temperature capabilities instigated by the cross-linking process were confirmed by the gel volume test. These measurements lay the foundation for a detailed study of this topic, as well as for a more effective means of modifying chosen properties of technical polyamide products by radiation.

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“…The indentation modulus ( E IT ) was calculated from the plane strain modulus ( E* ), using an estimated Poisson’s ratio ( ν s ) sample—(Polymer 0.3 to 0.4) [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]:

where E i is the elastic modulus of the indenter (diamond 1141 GPa), E r is the reduced indentation contact modulus, and ν i is the indenter Poisson’s ratio (0.07).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indentation modulus (E IT ) was calculated from the plane strain modulus (E*), using an estimated Poisson's ratio (ν s ) sample-(Polymer 0.3 to 0.4) [30][31][32]:…”

Section: Nano-indentation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nano-indentation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nano-indentation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamide Surface Layer Nano-Indentation and Thermal Properties Modified by Irradiation

et al. 2020

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“…where Gi is the degree of crosslinking of each specimen expressed in percentage; m1 is the weight of the cage and lid in milligrams; m2 is the total weight of the original specimen, cage, and lid in milligrams; and m3 is the total of the weight of the residue of specimen, cage, and lid in milligrams. The indentation modulus (E IT ) was calculated from the plane strain modulus (E*) using an estimated Poisson's ratio (ν s ) sample (Polymer 0.3 to 0.4) [26][27][28].…”

Section: Gel Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Mechanical Properties of Surface Layers of Polyethylene Modified by Irradiation

et al. 2020

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This study’s goal was to describe the influence of a wide range of ionizing beta radiation upon the changes in surface layer mechanical properties and structural modifications of selected types of polymer. Radiation crosslinking is a process whereby the impingement of high-energy electrons adjusts test sample structures, thus enhancing the useful properties of the material, e.g., hardness, wear-resistance, and creep, in order that they may function properly during their technical use. The selected polymers tested were polyolefin polymers like polyethylene (Low-density polyethylene LDPE, High-density polyethylene HDPE). These samples underwent exposure to electron radiation of differing dosages (33, 66, 99, 132, 165, and 198 kGy). After the crosslinking process, the samples underwent testing of the nano-mechanical properties of their surface layers. This was done by means of a state-of-the-art indentation technique, i.e., depth-sensing indentation (DSI), which detects the immediate change in the indentation depth associated with the applied force. Indeed, the results indicated that the optimal radiation dosage increased the mechanical properties by up to 57%; however, the beneficial levels of radiation varied with each material. Furthermore, these modifications faced examination from the structural perspective. For this purpose, a gel test, Raman spectroscopy, and crystalline portion determination by X-ray all confirmed the assumed trends.

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Influence of silane‐modified coconut shell powder on thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomers

Qian

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Polymer International

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A silane coupling agent (glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, GPTMS) was used to modify coconut shell powder (CSP), and the influence of the modified coconut shell powder (G‐CSP) on the thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) was investigated. The thermal stabilities of the G‐CSP‐TPEs were studied using TGA; Young's modulus of the G‐CSP‐TPEs was studied by means of the spherical indentation test and the tensile test, and the tensile test was also used to characterize the tensile strength of the G‐CSP‐TPEs. The results revealed that the specific functional groups of GPTMS were efficiently grafted onto the CSP and that G‐CSP enhanced the thermal stability of the TPEs. Under 8% strain, Young's moduli of 0–7.5 wt% G‐CSP‐TPEs obtained by the spherical indentation test and tensile test were almost equal, while the modulus of 10–15 wt% G‐CSP‐TPEs measured by the latter test was greater than that of the former test. The tensile strength of G‐CSP‐TPEs increased up to a threshold limit (10 wt% G‐CSP), followed by a significant decrease. Micro‐images of the fractured surfaces obtained by SEM indicated that the addition of G‐CSP gradually filled the microvoids in the matrix and enhanced the tensile strength of the composite. As the G‐CSP mass percentage exceeded a threshold limit (>10 wt%), the particles started to agglomerate, resulting in weak interfacial adhesion and inferior mechanical properties. Hence, an optimal amount of reinforcing agent G‐CSP should be added to attain desirable thermal and mechanical properties. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Mechanical Properties Changes of Irradiated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Polyamide Surface Layer Nano-Indentation and Thermal Properties Modified by Irradiation

Polyamide Surface Layer Nano-Indentation and Thermal Properties Modified by Irradiation

Nano-Mechanical Properties of Surface Layers of Polyethylene Modified by Irradiation

Influence of silane‐modified coconut shell powder on thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomers

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