Mechanical properties and Young's modulus of human skin in vivo

Agache, P; Monneur, C.; Lévêque, Jean-Luc; Rigal, Jean de

doi:10.1007/bf00406415

Cited by 633 publications

(397 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

344

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The material described here demonstrated a tensile modulus of 0.5 MPa, which was designed to cover the range of elastic response in normal healthy skin reported in the literature 24,25 . Such elastic recoil behaviour, together with a 250% elastic strain region until fracture demonstrated by this material, are likely design parameters that promote the seamless integration of the XPL at the skin interface, thereby allowing for even extreme ranges of motion while providing the instantaneous recoil that is characteristic of youthful, intact skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three key mechanical design criteria in the development of the skin mimetic XPL required that the elastic recoil, flexibility, and elongation approximated the values of natural skin subjected to an initial elastic large deformation zone (strain under 40% and tensile modulus of 0.5-1.95 MPa) 25,26 . In Figure 1a, we report that the XPL maintained elastic recoil until break (fracture strain: 250 ± 82%) and the tensile modulus (0.51 ± 0.01 MPa) measured was comparable to that of natural skin.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of the Xplmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An elastic second skin

Yu¹,

Kang²,

Akthakul³

et al. 2016

Nature Mater

206

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report the synthesis and application of an elastic, wearable crosslinked polymer layer (XPL) that mimics the properties of normal, youthful skin. XPL is made of a tunable polysiloxane-based material that can be engineered with specific elasticity, contractility, adhesion, tensile strength and occlusivity. XPL can be topically applied, rapidly curing at the skin interface without the need for heat-or light-mediated activation. In a pilot human study, we examined the performance of a prototype XPL that has a tensile modulus matching normal skin responses at low strain (< 40%), and that withstands elongations exceeding 250%, elastically recoiling with minimal strain-energy loss on repeated deformation. The application of XPL to the herniated lower-eyelid fat pads of 12 subjects resulted in an average 2-grade decrease in herniation appearance in a 5-point severity scale. The XPL platform may offer advanced solutions to compromised skin barrier function, pharmaceutical delivery, and wound dressings.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Properties Of the Xplmentioning

confidence: 99%

An elastic second skin

Yu¹,

Kang²,

Akthakul³

et al. 2016

Nature Mater

206

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…where R is the approximated radius of the finger (16 mm, measured from the 25 year old female test participant), E is the Young's modulus of the finger (an average value of 0.49 MPa was used [30]), N is the normal load (in this case 11.7N), η is the dynamic viscosity (8.90×10…”

Section: "Liquid Bridges"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower the magnitude of Young's modulus the higher the contact area induced by the action of the capillary forces. Values of the Young's modulus of the stratum corneum vary greatly, depending on the water content of the stratum corneum [30]. Park & Badddiel [36,37] found in vitro the Young's modulus of skin (actually pig's ear, which is thought to be comparable to the human stratum corneum) to be approximately 1 GPa at 50% humidity and 3 MPa in water, however Agache et al [30] found it to be 2.1 MPa for the skin from a human back, at 22 °C and 82 % relative humidity.…”

Section: Capillary Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Friction Mechanisms Between the Human Finger and Flat Contacting Surfaces in Moist Conditions

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human hands sweat in different circumstances and the presence of sweat can alter the friction between the hand and contacting surface. It is therefore important to understand how hand moisture varies between people, during different activities and the effect of this on friction.In this study a survey of fingertip moisture was done. Friction tests were then carried out to investigate the effect of moisture.Moisture was added to the surface of the finger, the finger was soaked in water, and water was added to the counter-surface; the friction of the contact was then measured. It was found that the friction increased, up until a certain level of moisture and then decreased. The increase in friction has previously been explained by viscous shearing, water absorption and capillary adhesion. The results from the experiments enabled the mechanisms to be investigated analytically. This study found that water absorption is the principle mechanism responsible for the increase in friction, followed by capillary adhesion, although it was not conclusively proved that this contributes significantly. Both these mechanisms increase friction by increasing the area of contact and therefore adhesion. Viscous shearing in the liquid bridges has negligible effect. There are, however, many limitations in the modelling that need further exploration.

show abstract

“…In contrast to intrinsically aged skin, which is characterised histologically by the loss of elastic fibre components, extrinsically aged skin is characterised by the gain of disorganised elastotic material. Despite these striking differences in ECM composition, the elastic moduli of both tissues are significantly increased compared with both young and UV-protected skin (Escoffier et al 1989;Agache et al 1980). It appears, therefore, that alterations in inter-or intra-molecular architecture, rather than ECM composition alone, must play a key role in mediating age-related loss of elasticity in the skin.…”

Section: Cutaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre

Sherratt

2009

AGE

265

189

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability of elastic tissues to deform under physiological forces and to subsequently release stored energy to drive passive recoil is vital to the function of many dynamic tissues. Within vertebrates, elastic fibres allow arteries and lungs to expand and contract, thus controlling variations in blood pressure and returning the pulmonary system to a resting state. Elastic fibres are composite structures composed of a cross-linked elastin core and an outer layer of fibrillin microfibrils. These two components perform distinct roles; elastin stores energy and drives passive recoil, whilst fibrillin microfibrils direct elastogenesis, mediate cell signalling, maintain tissue homeostasis via TGFβ sequestration and potentially act to reinforce the elastic fibre. In many tissues reduced elasticity, as a result of compromised elastic fibre function, becomes increasingly prevalent with age and contributes significantly to the burden of human morbidity and mortality. This review considers how the unique molecular structure, tissue distribution and longevity of elastic fibres pre-disposes these abundant extracellular matrix structures to the accumulation of damage in ageing dermal, pulmonary and vascular tissues. As compromised elasticity is a common feature of ageing dynamic tissues, the development of strategies to prevent, limit or reverse this loss of function will play a key role in reducing age-related morbidity and mortality.

show abstract

Mechanical properties and Young's modulus of human skin in vivo

Cited by 633 publications

References 7 publications

An elastic second skin

An elastic second skin

Understanding the Friction Mechanisms Between the Human Finger and Flat Contacting Surfaces in Moist Conditions

Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About